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interleukin-5 (IL5; eosinophil differentiation factor) 403 interleukin-6 (IL6)
2–8 Days
12 Hours
12 Hours
3 H-Thy
Induction of Interleukin-4 response in short-term culture.
COOH
p140
α-chain
Interleukin-4.
COOH
of IL4, the IL2 receptor γ chain associates with the ILRα
chain. This complex comprises the type I IL4 receptor. The
IL13 low affinity binding chain (IL13Rα) can also associate
with IL4Rα. The IL4 receptor containing the IL13Rα is
termed type II.
interleukin-5 (IL5; eosinophil differentiation factor)
A 20-kDa cytokine synthesized by some activated CD4 +
T h2 lymphocytes and activated mast cells. A part of the
hematopoietic family, human IL5 is 150-amino acids in
γ c
Interleukin-5 crystal structure.
length and murine IL5 is 133-amino acids long. The IL5
gene is located on chromosome 11 in mice and on chromosome
5 in humans. Formerly, it was called T cell-replacing
factor or B cell growth factor II. It facilitates B cell growth
and differentiation into cells that secrete immunoglobulin A
(IgA). It is a costimulator with IL2 and IL4 of B cell growth
and differentiation. IL5 also stimulates eosinophil growth
and differentiation. It activates mature eosinophils to render
them capable of killing helminths. Through IL5, T lymphocytes
exert a regulatory effect on inflammation mediated by
eosinophils. Because of its action in promoting eosinophil
differentiation, it has been called eosinophil differentiation
factor (EDF). IL5 can facilitate B cell differentiation into
plaque-forming cells of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and
IgG classes. It is associated with various allergic diseases
including allergic rhinitis and asthma, in which large numbers
of eosinophils are observed in the tissues and sputum.
In parasitic diseases, IL5 leads to eosinophilia.
interleukin-5 receptor complex
A structure comprised of an α chain and a β chain, both
of which resemble members of the hematopoietin receptor
superfamily. The α chain is a 415-amino acid glycoprotein
and binds with low affinity to IL5. Even though the β chain
does not bind to IL5, it associates with the α chain to form
the high-affinity receptor. The β chain is common to IL3
and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(GM-CSF) receptors. The IL5 receptor is a member of the
type 1 cytokine receptor family, comprised of a heterodimer
containing an α subunit that binds IL5 and confers
cytokine receptor specificity and a β subunit that contains
the signal transduction domains. Eosinophils, whose principal
function is to eliminate antibody bound parasites from
the body through release of cytotoxic granule proteins, are
the main IL5Rα expressing cells, which permits them to
respond to IL5.
interleukin-6 (IL6)
A 26-kDa cytokine produced by vascular endothelial cells,
mononuclear phagocytes, fibroblasts, activated T lymphocytes,
and various neoplasms such as cardiac myxomas,
bladder cancer, and cervical cancer. A cytokine synthesized
by T cells and macrophages that is proinflammatory and
activates immune responses to trauma, specifically burns
amd other tissue injuries resulting in inflammation. It is
required for murine resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
IL6 is produced by muscle, osteoblasts, and tunica
I