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interferon γ-1b (injection) 397 interferons (IFNs)
It is decreased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma,
and IgA deficiency, and in patients infected with rubella,
Epstein–Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. Recombinant
IFN-γ has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mycosis fungoides,
Hodgkin disease, and various other disorders. It has been
found effective in decreasing synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts
and may have potential in the treatment of connective
tissue diseases. Patients receiving it may develop headaches,
chills, rash, and even acute renal failure. The one gene that
encodes IFN-γ in humans is found on the long arm of chromosome
12. Also termed immune or type II interferon.
COOH
Preliminary three-dimensional structure of human interferon γ (recombinant
form). Resolution = 3.5 Å.
interferon -1b (injection)
Interferon γ differs from other classes of interferons mainly
in its immunomodulatory properties. Whereas α, β, and γ
interferons share certain characteristics, interferon γ exerts
potent phagocyte-activating effects not produced by other
interferon molecules. These effects include the generation
of toxic oxygen metabolites within phagocytes in vitro that
can mediate intracellular killing of selected microorganisms
such as Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma gondii,
Leishmania donovani, Listeria monocytogenes, and
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. Among its myriad
biological activities are the enhancement of the oxidative
metabolism of tissue macrophages and enhancement
of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and
natural killer (NK) cell activity. Interferon γ also affects
Fc receptor expression on monocytes and major histocompatibility
antigen expression. It is produced by antigenstimulated
T lymphocytes and regulates the activity of
immune cells, causing it to be classified as a lymphokine
of the interleukin type. It interacts with other interleukin
molecules such as IL2 within the lymphokine regulatory
network. It has been used in chronic granulomatous disease
to enhance phagocyte function.
interferon (IFN-) inducible protein-10 (IP-10)
A chemokine of the α (CXC) family. IP-10 is a gene product
following stimulation of cells with IFN-γ. It does not
possess the ELR motif that determines the biological significance
of a particular α chemokine. IP-10 has angiostatic
potential, which is opposite to the angiogenic effects of
other ELR-containing α chemokines. This potential renders
IP-10 a unique α chemokine family member. Tissue sources
include endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and
keratinocytes. High levels of IP-10 transcripts are present in
lymphoid organs. Monocytes, progenitor cells and NK cells
serve as a target cells.
interferon receptor
A 90-kDa glycoprotein receptor composed of one polypeptide
chain. The only cells lacking this receptor are
erythrocytes. Interferon γ receptor is encoded by a gene on
chromosome 6q in humans.
interferon (IFN )
This interferon group mediates the induction of antiviral
protection in various cell types. It consists of λ1, λ2, and
λ3, also known as IL29, IL28A, and IL28B, respectively.
IFN-λs share with type I interferons an intracellular signaling
pathway that drives expression of a common set of IFNstimulated
genes. IFN-λs initiate many biological activities,
including upregulation of class I MHC gene product expression.
They mediate their antiviral protection through a class
II cytokine receptor complex different from that of type I
interferons. Comprised of two receptor proteins designated
CRF2-12/IFN/λR1, unique to IFN-λs and CRF2-4/IL10R2,
which is shared with IL10, IL22 and IL26 receptors. The
IL28 and IL29 IFN-λs are reported to prime dendritic cells
to induce proliferation of Foxp3-bearing regulatory T cells.
IFN-λ-matured dendritic cells express high levels of class I
and class II MHC gene products, but low levels of costimulatory
molecules, and specifically induce IL2 dependent
proliferation CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells with contactdependent
suppressive activity on T cells.
interferon producing cells (IPCs)
Specialized blood cells that resemble lymphocytes and
synthesize 100-fold more type I interferon than other types
of cells. Refer to plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
interferon regulatory factors (IRFs)
A family of transcription factors that have novel helix–
turn–helix DNA-binding motifs. In addition to two structurally
related members, IRF-1 and IRF-2, seven additional
members have been described. Virally encoded IRFs that
may interfere with cellular IRFs have also been identified.
These factors play a functional role in the regulation of host
defenses such as innate and adaptive immune responses.
interferon response
Alterations in human gene expression in cells subjected
to interferon.
interferons (IFNs)
A group of immunoregulatory cytokines synthesized by
T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and other types of cells following
stimulation with viruses, antigens, mitogens, doublestranded
DNA, or lectins. They facilitate cell resistance
to viral infection. Class α and β interferons have antiviral
properties. The γ class is known as immune interferon.
Interferons α and β share a common receptor, but γ has its
own. Interferons have immunomodulatory functions and
enhance the abilities of macrophages to destroy tumor cells,
viruses, and bacteria. Interferons α and β were formerly
classified as type I interferons. They are acid-stable and
synthesized mainly by leukocytes and fibroblasts. Interferon
I