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interallelic conversion 395 intercrine cytokines
Following binding of HGF/SF, MET receptor signaling can modulate
integrin function by promoting aggregation of integrins and adhesion to
integrin-specific ligands.
interallelic conversion
Genetic recombination between two alleles of a locus in
which a segment of one allele is replaced with a homologous
segment from another. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
class I and HLA class II alleles are formed in this way.
intercalated cell autoantibodies
Autoantibodies against renal tubular (intercalated) cells are
detected from time to time by using immunofluorescence with
frozen sections of normal human or rabbit kidney. The clinical
significance of these antibodies remains to be determined.
intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)
Leukocyte integrin ligands that facilitate the binding of
lymphocytes and other leukocytes to various cells such as
antigen-presenting cells and endothelial cells.
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
A 90-kDa cellular membrane glycoprotein that occurs in
multiple cell types including dendritic and endothelial cells.
It is the lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)
ligand. The LFA-1 molecules on cytotoxic T lymphocytes
(CTLs) interact with ICAM-1 molecules found on CTL
target cells. Interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor
(TNF), and interleukin-1 (IL1) can elevate ICAM-1 expression.
ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene
superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. It plays a major role
in the inflammatory response and in T-cell-mediated host
responses, serving as a costimulatory molecule on antigenpresenting
cells to activate major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) class II restricted T cells and on other types of
cells in association with MHC class I to activate cytotoxic
T cells. On endothelial cells, it facilitates migration of activated
leukocytes to sites of injury. It is the cellular receptor
for a subgoup of rhinoviruses.
intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2)
A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins
that is important in cellular interactions. It is a cell surface
molecule that serves as a ligand for leukocyte integrins. It
facilitates lymphocyte binding to antigen-presenting cells or
endothelial cells and binds to LFA-1, a T lymphocyte integrin.
LFA-1
Lymphocyte.
ICAM-1
ICAM-1 LFA-1
ICAM-2. Ribbon diagram. Resolution 2.2 Å.
intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3)
A leukocyte cell surface molecule that plays a critical role
in the interaction of T lymphocytes with antigen-presenting
cells. This interaction through union of ICAM-1, ICAM-2,
and ICAM-3 with LFA-1 molecules is also facilitated by the
interaction of the T cell surface molecule CD2 with LFA-3
present on antigen-presenting cells.
intercrine cytokines
A family composed of a minimum of 8- to 10-kDa cytokines
that share 20 to 45% amino acid sequence homology.
All are believed to be basic heparin-binding polypeptides
with proinflammatory and reparative properties. Their
cDNA has conserved, single, open reading frames, 5′ region
typical signal sequences, and 3′ untranslated regions that
are rich in AP sequences. Human cytokines that include
interleukin-8, platelet factor 4, β thromboglobulin, IP-10,
and melanoma growth-stimulating factor or GRO comprise
a subfamily encoded by genes on chromosome 4. They
possess a unique structure. LD78, ACT-2, I-309, RANTES,
and macrophage chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF)
comprise a second subset and are encoded by genes on
chromosome 17 in humans. Human chromosome 4 bears
the intercrine α genes, and human chromosome 17 bears
the intercrine β genes. Four cysteines are found in the intercrine
family. Adjacent cysteines are present in the intercrine
β subfamily, which includes huMCAF, huBLD-78,
huACT-II, huRANTES, muTCA-III, muJE, muMIP-1α
and muMIP-1β. One amino acid separates cysteines of
I