Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

inbreeding 386 indirect staining
said to be inbred. They are homozygous at approximately
98% of genetic loci. This homogeneity at the histocompatibility
loci permits successful grafting without rejection
among members of the inbred strain. Recessive deleterious
genes may become homozygous during inbreeding, leading
them to manifest their negative effects with respect to such
factors as growth rate, susceptibility to disease, or fertility,
thus limiting the number of possible inbred generations.
An additional problem is the development of sublines of an
inbred strain caused by mutations and evolutionary factors.
inbreeding
The mating of animals of a species that are genetically
more similar to one another than to members of that same
species selected by chance or at random in the population.
Deliberate inbreeding of experimental animals is carried
out to induce genetic uniformity or homozygosity. Raising
inbred strains of mice for laboratory investigation involves
brother–sister matings for 20 or more generations; thereafter,
the progeny are said to be inbred.
incompatibility
Dissimilarity between the antigens of a donor and recipient
as in tissue allotransplantation or blood transfusions. The
transplantation of a histoincompatible organ or the transfusion
of incompatible blood into a recipient may induce an
immune response against the antigens not shared by the
recipient and produce injurious consequences.
incomplete antibody
A nonagglutinating antibody that must have a linking agent
such as anti-IgG to reveal its presence in an agglutination
reaction. Refer to Coombs’ test.
incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA)
A lightweight mineral oil (without mycobacteria) that when
combined with an aqueous phase antigen such as a waterin-oil
emulsion enhances the humoral or antibody (B cell)
limb of the immune response. It does not facilitate T-cellmediated
immune responsiveness.
incubation time
Interlude between an initial infection and disease onset.
index of variability
Refer to Wu–Kabat plot.
indinavir sulfate
Inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
protease.
indirect agglutination (passive agglutination)
The aggregation or agglutination of a specific antibody with
carrier particles such as latex or tanned red blood cells to
which antigens have been adsorbed or with bis-diazotized
red blood cells to which antigens have been linked chemically.
Refer to passive agglutination.
N
O
N
N
NHC(CH 3 ) 3
indirect allorecognition
Refer to indirect antigen presentation.
indirect antigen presentation
In organ or tissue transplantation, the mechanism whereby
donor allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
molecules present microbial proteins. The recipient’s
professional antigen-presenting cells process the allogeneic
MHC proteins. The resulting allogeneic MHC peptides are
presented, in association with recipient (self) MHC molecules
to host T lymphocytes. By contrast, recipient T cells
recognize unprocessed allogeneic MHC molecules on the
surfaces of the graft cells in direct antigen presentation.
indirect antiglobulin test
A method to detect incomplete (nonagglutinating) antibody
in human serum. Following incubation of red blood cells or
other cells possessing the antigen for which the incomplete
antibodies of interest are specific, rabbit anti-human globulin
is added to the antibody-coated cells that have first been
washed. If agglutination results, incomplete agglutinating
antibody is present in the serum with which the antigenbearing
red cells have been incubated.
indirect complement fixation test
A complement fixation assay for antibodies that are unable
to fix guinea pig complement. It involves the addition of
a rabbit antibody of established guinea pig complementfixing
capacity to an antigen–(avian)–antibody–guinea pig
complement complex. This is followed by the addition of
a visible hemolytic system. Cell lysis indicates the initial
presence of avian antibody.
indirect Coombs’ test
Refer to indirect antiglobulin test.
indirect fluorescence antibody technique
A method to identify antibody or antigen using a fluorochrome-labeled
antibody that combines with an intermediate
antibody or antigen rather than directly with the antibody
or antigen sought. The indirect test has a greater sensitivity
than the direct fluorescence antibody technique. It is often
referred to as the sandwich or double-layer method.
indirect hemagglutination test
Refer to passive agglutination test.
indirect immunofluorescence
The interaction of unlabeled antibody with cells or tissues
expressing antigen for which the antibody is specific, followed
by treatment of this antigen–antibody complex with
fluorochrome-labeled antiimmunoglobulin that interacts
with the first antibody, forming a so-called sandwich.
indirect staining
An immunofluorescence staining technique in which the
primary antibody is unlabeled with fluorochrome, yet its
OH OH
H
N
Indinavir sulfate.
O
H 2 SO 4