Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

immunoprophylaxis 383 immunoregulation
immunoglobulin heavy chain (often α). Light chains are not
produced. The variable region and often the C H1 constant
region may be missing. Whereas the monoclonal protein
usually elevated is the α chain, some cases may manifest γ
or μ chain elevations. Patients experience weight loss, pain
in the abdomen, diarrhea, and malabsorption. Expansion
of the mesenteric lymphoid tissue and the proximal small
intestine occurs, accompanied by clubbing of the fingers.
Tetracyclines are the recommended treatments.
immunoprophylaxis
Disease prevention through the use of vaccines to induce active
immunization or antisera to induce passive immunization.
immunoproteasome
Refer to proteasome.
immunoprotein
An immunologically active protein, such as one that serves
as a target for immunological probes or therapy.
immunoradioisotope
An immunoconjugate used in radioimmunotherapy in
which a monoclonal antibody or monoclonal antibody
derivative is bound to a radioisotope capable of destroying a
tumor cell on contact.
Anticytokine
antibody
Addition of
cytokine
Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA).
Addition of iodinated
monoclonal antibody
immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)
A quantitative method to assay certain plasma proteins
based on a “sandwich” technique using radiolabeled
antibody rather than radiolabeled hormone competing with
hormone from a patient in the radioimmunoassay (RIA).
immunoradiometry
A radioimmunoassay method in which the antibody rather
than the antigen is radiolabeled.
immunoreactant
Any substance, including immunoglobulins, complement
components, and antigens involved in immune reactions.
immunoreaction
The reaction of antibody with antigen.
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)
Amino acid sequences in the intracellular portions of
signal-transducing cell surface molecules that are sites of
tyrosine phosphorylation and association with tyrosine
kinases and phophotyrosine-binding proteins that participate
in signal transduction. Examples include Igα, Igβ, CD3
*
*
* *
*
chains, and several Ig Fc receptors. Following receptor–
ligand binding and phosphorylation, docking sites are
formed for other molecules that participate in maintaining
cell-activating, signal transduction mechanisms.
immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)
Motifs with effects that oppose those of immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). These amino
acids in the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane molecules
bind phosphate groups added by tyrosine kinases. This sixamino
acid (isoleucine–X–tyrosine–X–X–leucine) motif is
present in the cytoplasmic tails of immune system inhibitory
receptors that include FcγRIIB on B lymphocytes and
the killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) on natural killer (NK)
cells. Following receptor–ligand binding and phosporylation
on the tyrosine residue, a docking site is formed for
protein tyrosine phosphatases that inhibit other signal
transduction pathways, thereby negatively regulating cell
activation.
immunoregulation
Control of the immune response, usually by its own products
such as the idiotypic network of antibody regulation
described by Niels Jerne, feedback inhibition of antibody
formation by antibody molecules, T cell receptor interaction
with antibodies specific for them, and the effects of
immunosuppressive and immunoenhancing cytokines on
the immune response in addition to other mechanisms.
Refers to control of both humoral and cellular limbs of the
immune response by mechanisms such as antibody feedback
inhibition, the immunoglobulin idiotype–anti-idiotype
network, helper and suppressor T cells, and cytokines.
Results of these immunoregulatory interactions may lead to
either suppression or potentiation of one or the other limb of
the immune response.
Tumor Localization/Detection
External
gamma-ray
imaging
IV
Immunoscintigraphy.
125 I-Labeled
antitumor
monoclonal
antibody
I