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immunocytochemistry 362 immunodeficiency animal models
immunocytochemistry
The visual recognition of target molecules and tissues and cells
by a specific reaction of antibody with antigen through the use
of antibodies labeled with indicator molecules. By tagging an
antibody with a fluorochrome, color-producing enzyme, or
metallic particle, the target molecules can be identified.
immunocytokine (ICK)
An immunoconjugate in which a monoclonal antibody or
one of its derivatives is bound to a cytokine. Designed to
deliver antitumor cytokines to a tumor site during cancer
treatment.
immunodeficiency
A failure in humoral antibody or cell-mediated limbs of
the immune response. If attributable to intrinsic defects in
T and/or B lymphocytes, the condition is termed a primary
immunodeficiency. If the defect results from loss of
antibody and/or lymphocytes, the condition is a secondary
immunodeficiency. The term may refer also to defective
leukocyte–bactericidal immunity as in chronic granulomatous
disease, or may be associated with deficiencies of the
complement system.
Bone Marrow
(B-Lymphocyte Maturation)
Pre-B
cell
Hematopoietic
stem cell
IgM
X-linked
agammaglobulinemia
Plasma
cell
Lymphoid
progenitor
immunodeficiency, acquired
A decrease in the immune response to immunogenic (antigenic)
challenge as a consequence of numerous diseases
or conditions that include acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), chemotherapy, immunosuppressive
drugs such as corticosteroids, psychological depression,
burns, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, radiation,
Alzheimer’s disease, celiac disease, sarcoidosis, lymphoproliferative
disease, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia,
multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease, malnutrition,
aging, neoplasia, diabetes mellitus, and numerous
other conditions.
immunodeficiency animal models
Common murine models of immunodeficiency include
the mouse strains designated SCID, Motheaten, Viable
Motheaten, Nude, Lipopolysaccharide, X-Linked
Immunodeficiency, Complement Deficient, Beige,
Dominant Spotting, Steel, and Wasted. These models are
critical for revealing how genetic abnormalities affect
immune competence.
Immunoglobulins
α and β
Immature
T cell
CD3
β
MHC
class I
α
CD4+ CD8+
deficiency
IgM
Mature
T cell
IgD
CD8+
Hyper-IgM syndrome
IgM IgG IgA IgE
IgM
Autosomal recessive
severe combined
immunodeficiency
IgG IgA IgE
Congenital immunodeficiencies.
X-linked severe
combined
immunodeficiency
CD4+
MHC
class II
deficiency
ymus
(T-Lymphocyte Maturation)