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immunoblast 361 immunocytoadherence
immunoblast
Lymphoblast.
immunoblastic lymphadenopathy
Refer to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILA).
immunoblastic sarcoma
A lymphoma comprised of immunoblast-like cells that are
divided into B and T cell immunoblastic sarcomas. Both
are malignant lymphomas. B cell immunoblastic sarcoma is
characterized by large immunoblastic plasmacytoid cells and
Reed–Sternberg cells. This is the most frequent lymphoma
in individuals with natural immunodeficiency or suppression
of the immune system or who manifest immunoproliferative
disorders such as angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
or autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,
α chain disease, etc. The disease has a poor prognosis. T
cell immunoblastic sarcoma is less frequent than the B cell
variety. The tumor cells are large and have a clear cytoplasm
containing round to oval nuclei with fine chromatin. One to
three nucleoli are present amid lobulation and nuclear folding.
Other cells present include plasma cells and histiocytes.
Patients with mycosis fungoides who develop polyclonal
gammopathy and general lymphadenopathy may develop a T
cell immunoblastic sarcoma.
immunoblot (western blot)
The interaction between labeled antibodies and proteins
separated by gel electrophoresis and absorbed or blotted on
nitrocellulose paper. Refer to western blot.
immunoblotting
A method to identify antigens via polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (PAGE) of a protein mixture containing the
antigen. PAGE separates the components according to their
electrophoretic mobility. After transfer to a nitrocellulose
filter by electroblotting, antibodies labeled with enzyme
or radioisotope and specific for the antigen in question are
incubated with the cellulose membrane. After washing to
remove excess antibody that does not bind, substrate can
be added if an enzyme was used, or autoradiography can
be used if a radioisotope was used to determine where the
labeled antibodies were bound to homologous antigen. Also
called western blotting.
immunochemistry
The branch of immunology concerned with the properties
of antigens, antibodies, complement, T cell receptors,
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, and
all the molecules and receptors that participate in immune
interactions in vivo and in vitro. Immunochemistry aims
to identify active sites in immune responses and define the
forces that govern antigen–antibody interaction. It is also
concerned with the design of new molecules such as catalytic
antibodies and other biological catalysts. Also called
molecular immunology.
immunocompetent
A mature functional lymphocyte that can recognize a
specific antigen and mediate an immune response. The term
also may refer to the immune status of a human or other
animal to indicate the ability to respond immunologically to
an immunogenic challenge.
immunoconglutination
Aggregation of C3bi- or C4bi-coated erythrocytes or bacteria
by antibodies to C3bi or C4bi, produced by immunizing
animals with erythrocytes or bacteria that have interacted
with antibody and complement. The antibody is termed
immunoconglutinin; it resembles conglutinin in its activity
but should not be confused with it. Autoantibodies specific
for C3bi or C4bi may develop as a result of an infection and
produce immunoconglutination.
immunoconglutinin
An autoantibody, usually of the immunoglobulin M (IgM)
class, that is specific for neoantigens in C3bi or C4bi. It may
be stimulated during acute and chronic infections caused by
bacteria, viruses, or parasites and in chronic inflammatory
disorders. The level is also increased in many autoimmune
diseases and after immunization with various immunogens.
C3 nephritic factor is an example of an immunoconglutinin.
Also called immune conglutinin, it should not be confused
with conglutinin. Refer also to immunoconglutination.
Immunocytes in reticular dermis.
Immunocytes in dermis.
immunoconjugate
A chimeric protein product of the linkage of a whole monoclonal
antibody or one of its structural derivatives to another
molecule either chemically or at the DNA level. Refer to
immunocytokine, immunoradioisotope, and immunotoxin.
immunocyte
Literally “immune cell.” A term sometimes used by pathologists
to describe plasma cells in stained tissue sections (e.g.,
in the papillary or reticular dermis in erythema multiforme).
immunocytoadherence
A method to detect cells with surface immunoglobulin,
either synthesized or attached through Fc receptors. Red
blood cells coated with the homologous antigen are mixed
with the immunoglobulin-bearing cells and result in rosette
formation. A laboratory assay is employed to identify antibody-bearing
cells by the formation of rosettes comprised
of red blood cells and antibody-bearing cells.
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