Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

immunization 360 immunobiology
Hepatitis B
Vaccine
Diphtheria, Tetanus,
Pertussis
H. influenzae type b
Measles, mumps, and rubella
Birth
HB-1
2
months
HB-2
Hib
OPV
Measles, mumps, and rubella MMR MMR or MMR
Complement activation represents a significant mechanism
for ridding the body of invading microorganisms.
immunization
The deliberate administration of an antigen or immunogen
to induce active immunity that is often protective, as in the
case of immunization against antigenic products of infectious
disease agents.
immunize
To deliberately administer an antigen or immunogen for
the purpose of inducing active immunity that is often
protective, as in the case of immunization against antigenic
products of infectious disease agents. As a consequence of
contact between the antigen or immunogen and immunologically
competent cells of the host, specific antibodies and
specifically reactive immune lymphoid cells are induced to
confer a state of immunity.
immunizing dose (ImD 50)
In vaccine standardization, the ImD 50 is that amount of
immunogen requisite to immunize 50% of the test animal
population, as determined by appropriate immunoassay.
immunoablation
The deliberate destruction of immune competence to condition
a patient for organ transplantation or treat refractory
autoimmune diseases.
immunoabsorbent
A gel or other inert substance employed to absorb antibodies
from a solution or purify them.
immunoabsorption
The use of a solid phase system to which antibody or
antigen is bound for the removal of complementary antigen
or antibody from a mixture by adherence to the insoluble
support to which the antigen or antibody is bound.
immunoadsorbents
Specific antibodies that are chemically bound to solid supports.
When a mixture containing antigen is poured over the
solid support, antigen is bound noncovalently to the immunoadsorbent,
from which it may be isolated after treating
the sorbent–ligand complex with a denaturing agent.
immunoassay
A test that measures antigen or antibody. When choosing
an immunoassay technique, one should keep in mind the
differing levels of sensitivity of various methods. Whereas
immunoelectrophoresis is relatively insensitive, requiring
5,000 to 10,000 ng/mL for detection, the enzyme-linked
4
months
OPV
6
months
HB-3
DTP DTP DTP
Hib Hib
OPV
12
months
DTP
or DTaP at ≥ 15 months
Hib
15
months
18
months
4–6
years
DTP or
DTaP
OPV
Childhood immunization schedule recommended by U.S. Public Health Service, January 1996.
immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay
(RIA), and immunofluorescence may detect less than 0.001
ng/mL. Between these two extremes are agglutination,
which detects 1,000 to 10,000 ng/mL, and complement fixation,
which detects 5 ng/mL.
immunoaugmentive therapy (IAT)
An approach to tumor therapy practiced by selected
individuals in Mexico, Germany, and the Bahamas that is
not based on scientific fact and is of unproven efficacy or
safety. Concoctions of tumor cell lysate and blood serum
from tumor-bearing patients and from normal individuals
are injected into cancer patients, ostensibly to provide
tumor antibody, “blocking” and “deblocking” proteins. The
method is not based on a scientifically approved protocol
and is of very doubtful value. Treatment preparations are
often contaminated with microorganisms.
Target cells
11–12
years
immunobeads
Minute plastic spheres with a coating of antigen (or antibody)
that may be aggregated or agglutinated in the presence of the
homologous antibody. Immunobeads are used also for the
isolation of specific cell subpopulations such as the separation
of B cells from T cells that is useful in major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class II typing for tissue transplantation.
immunobiology
A branch of biological science concerned with the molecular
and cellular bases of self–nonself recognition, immune
responsiveness including host defense against infection, and
immunologic tolerance.
Td
Immunobeads.
14–16
years
Immunobeads
Specific antibody
against target cell