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immune neutropenia 358 immune response
Endocrine
system
Pituitary hormones
Endocrine hormones
Sympathetic
Stressors
CNS
Endocrine hormones
(steroids, prolactin, etc.)
Thymus
Pituitary peptides and
other neuropeptides
Immunotransmitters
Hypothalamus
Anterior
pituitary
Thyroid
Thymic hormones
Gonads
T cells
Adrenal
diseases including arthritis and asthma. The nervous system
may release SP into joints in arthritis and into the respiratory
tract in asthma, perpetuating inflammation. SP has also
been found to participate in immune system functions such
as the induction of monocyte chemotaxis in in vitro experiments.
Through their effect on mast cells, enkephalins
Interleukin-1
Growth hormone
Thyroxine
Sex hormone
Corticosteroids
Sympathetic
Catecholamines
Immune−neuroendocrine axis.
Immune
system
Interactions of endocrine, central nervous, and immune systems.
Lymph nodes
Insulin
Islets
influence hypersensitivity reactions. Enkephalins have been
shown to diminish antibody formation against cellular and
soluble immunogens and to diminish passive cutaneous
anaphylaxis. Mast cells, which can be stimulated by either
immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms, may be
significant in immune regulation of neural function.
immune neutropenia
Neutrophil degradation by antibodies (leukoagglutinins)
that are specific for neutrophil epitopes. Penicillin, other
drugs and blood transfusions may induce immune neutropenia.
The condition may be associated with such autoimmune
disorders as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and
may occur in neonates through passage of leukoagglutinins
from mother to young.
immune paralysis
Refer to immunologic paralysis.
immune privilege
Refer to immunologically privileged sites.
immune response
Reaction to challenge by an immunogen. The response
is expressed as antibody production and/or cell-mediated
immunity or immunologic tolerance. Immune response may
follow stimulation by a wide variety of agents such as pathogenic
microorganisms, tissue transplants, or other antigenic
substances deliberately introduced for a number of purposes.
Infectious agents may also induce inflammatory reactions