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IgM 353 IL4
have recurrent respiratory infections and recurring pyogenic
sinopulmonary infections with Hemophilus influenzae,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Some patients manifest features of autoimmune disease,
such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IgG 2–IgG 4
deficiency is often associated with recurrent infections or
autoimmune disease. IgG 2 deficiency is reflected as recurrent
sinopulmonary infections and nonresponsiveness to
polysaccharide antigens such as those of Pneumococcus. A
few individuals have IgG 3 deficiency and develop recurrent
infections. In IgG 4-deficient patients, recurrent respiratory
infections and autoimmune manifestations also occur. The
diagnosis is established by the demonstration of significantly
lower levels of at least one IgG subclass in the patient compared
with IgG subclass levels in normal age-matched controls.
γ Globulin is the treatment choice. Very infrequently, C
gene segment deletions may lead to IgG subclass deficiency.
IgM
Refer to immunoglobulin M.
IgM, 7S
Monomeric IgM.
IgM deficiency syndrome
An infrequent condition characterized by diminished
activation of complement and decreased B lymphocyte
membrane 5-ecto nucleotidase. Patients manifest heightened
susceptibility to pulmonary infections, septicemia,
and tumors.
IgM index
Reflects total IgM formation in the blood–brain barrier. The
index is elevated in infectious meningoencephalomyelitis
and may also be increased in central nervous system lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
IgM paraproteinemia
Occasional cases of IgM myeloma occur and are characterized
by infiltration of the bone marrow by plasmacytes,
numerous osteolytic lesions, and occasionally bleeding
diathesis. IgM myeloma is distinct from true Waldenström’s
macroglobulinemia but is rare compared with the IgG and
IgA types. Myelomas associated with the minor classes
of immunoglobulin IgD and IgE occur with even less frequency
than do the IgM myelomas.
IgR
A second class of immunoglobulin protein in Raja kenojei.
IgT
An obsolete term for the T lymphocyte antigen receptor that
was incorrectly considered an immunoglobulin of a special
class. IgT should not be confused with IgG.
IgW
An immunoglobulin isotype of sharks.
IgX
An immunoglobulin isotype of Xenopus.
Ii Antigens
Antigen expression
Phenotype I i
I adult Strong Very weak
I cord Weak Strong
i adult Very weak Strong
IgY
An immunoglobulin isotype of Xenopus.
Ii
Refer to invariant chain.
Ii antigens
Two nonallelic carbohydrate antigens (epitopes) on
the surface membranes of human erythrocytes. They
may also occur on some nonhematopoietic cells. The
i epitope is found on fetal erythrocytes and red cell
blood precursors. The I antigen is formed when aliphatic
galactose-N-acetyl-glucosamine is converted to a complex
branched structure. I represents the mature form
and i the immature form. Mature erythrocytes express
I. Antibodies against i antigen are hemolytic in cases of
infectious mononucleosis.
iIELs
Abbreviation for intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
I-J
An area of the murine I region predicted to encode for
a suppressor cell antigen. Recombinant mouse strains
were used to show that the I-J gene locus maps to a
region between the I-A and I-E loci of the H-2 complex.
Monoclonal antibodies against I-J react with antigen-specific
suppressor T cells that secrete suppressive factors. The
anti-I-J specific antibodies react with an epitope among the
suppressor cell factors. I-J determinant is associated with a
13-kDa protein known as the glycosylation-inhibiting factor
that has suppressive activity.
Ikaros
A transcription factor requisite for all lineages of lymphoid
cells to develop.
IL
Abbreviation for interleukin.
IL1
Abbreviation for interleukin-1.
IL1 Ra
Abbreviation for IL1 receptor antagonist.
IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra)
Refer to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra).
IL2
Abbreviation for interleukin-2.
IL2/LAK cells
Interleukin-2 lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells.
Natural killer (NK) cells that express only the p70 and not
the p55 receptor for IL2, are incubated with IL2, converting
them into an activated form referred to as LAK cells.
The IL2/LAK combination has been used to treat cancer
patients through adoptive immunotherapy, which has been
successful in inducing transient regression of tumors in
selected cases of melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, non-
Hodgkin lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma, as well as
regression of metastases in the livers and lungs of some
patients. Transient defective chemotaxis of neutrophils
may be present and patients often develop capillary leak
syndrome, producing pulmonary edema. Patients may also
develop congestive heart failure.
IL2 receptor (CD25)
Refer to interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R).
IL3
Abbreviation for interleukin-3.
IL4
Abbreviation for interleukin-4.
I