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HSC mobilization 341 (quadrivalent, injection)
HSC mobilization
The inoculation of a donor with G-CSF or GM-CSF to
induce hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in the bone
marrow. These cells subsequently spill over from the stimulated
bone marrow into the peripheral blood from which
they can be harvested for use in hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation by leukapheresis.
HSV
Herpes simplex virus.
HTLA (human T lymphocyte antigen)
An obsolete term for human T lymphocyte antigen; it has
been replaced by a cluster of differentiation (CD) designations.
HTLA antibody
High titer, low avidity antibody.
HTLV (human T lymphocyte virus)
Human T cell leukemia virus. A retrovirus that infects human
CD4 + T lymphocytes and produces adult T cell leukemia.
HTLV-IV
A human retrovirus isolated from western Africa that is
related to HIV-1 and HIV-2 but appears to be nonpathogenic.
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A hormone synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts
that serves as a marker demonstrable by immunoperoxidase
staining in trophoblastic neoplasms (e.g., choriocarcinomas).
Germ cell and nontrophoblastic neoplasms, such as
various carcinomas, may express hCG.
human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)
An inactivated virus vaccine prepared from fixed rabies
virus grown in human diploid cell tissue culture.
human immune globulin (HIG)
A pooled globulin preparation from the plasma of donors
who are negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
It is used in the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies
such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID),
Burton’s disease, and combined variable immunodeficiency
and in cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The
method of production is extraction by cold ethanol fractionation
at acid pH. Viruses are inactivated, allowing the safe
administration of HIG to patients without risk of HIV, HAV,
HBV, or non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Electron micrograph of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Courtesy of
Dr. Tom Folks, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.)
RNA
Reverse
transcriptase
Phospholipid
bilayer
gp120
p24
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) structure.
gp41
p17
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A retrovirus that induces acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS) and associated disorders. It was previously
designated HTLV-III, LAV, and ARV. It infects CD4 + T lymphocytes,
mononuclear phagocytes carrying CD4 molecules
on their surfaces, follicular dendritic cells, and Langerhans’
cells. HIV produces profound immunodeficiency affecting
both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. CD4 + helper/
inducer T lymphocytes progressively decrease until they
are finally depleted in many patients. Polyclonal activation
of B lymphocytes with elevated synthesis of immunoglobulins
may be present. The immune response to the virus is
not protective and does not improve the patient’s condition.
The virus is composed of an envelope glycoprotein (gp160),
which is its principal antigen. It has a gp120 external segment
and a gp41 transmembrane segment. CD4 molecules
on CD4 + lymphocytes and macrophages serve as receptors
for gp120 of HIV. It has an inner core that contains RNA
and is encircled by a lipid envelope. It contains structural
genes designated env, gag, and pol that encode the envelope
protein, core protein, and reverse transcriptase, respectively.
HIV also possesses at least six additional genes (e.g., tat)
that regulate virus replication. HIV can increase production
of viral protein several thousandfold. The rev gene encodes
proteins that block transcription of regulatory genes; vif (sor)
is the virus infectivity gene whose product increases viral
infectivity and may promote cell-to-cell transmission; nef is a
negative regulatory factor that encodes a product that blocks
replication of the virus; and vpr (viral protein R) and vpu
(viral protein U) genes have also been described. No successful
vaccine has yet been developed, although several types
are under investigation.
human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans that
contains the genes that encode the polymorphic MHC class I
and class II molecules as well as other important genes.
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans.
human milk-fat globulin (HMFG)
Human milk glycoprotein on secretory breast cell surfaces.
Many breast and ovarian carcinomas are positive for HMFG.
human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine
(quadrivalent, injection)
Females 9 to 26 years of age should be vaccinated to
prevent disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Diseases caused by these virus types
include cervical cancer, genital warts (condyloma acuminata),
and precancerous or dysplastic lesions including
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