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hookworm vaccine 340 HSC
Hookworm vaccine.
not been linked to host-protective immunity to hookworms.
No vaccines are available for immunization against hookworm
disease in humans.
hookworm vaccine
A live vaccine to protect dogs against the hookworm,
Ancylostoma caninum. The vaccine is comprised of
x-irradiated larvae to halt their development to adult forms.
hormone immunoassays
Multiple hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone,
human growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and many others,
may be measured by an immunoassay using radioactively
labeled reagents or through enzyme color reactions using
the ELISA technique. Labeled and unlabeled hormones, are
allowed to compete for binding sites with antihormone antibody.
This step is followed by the separation of bound from
unbound hormones by one of several techniques.
hormones
Messenger chemical molecules synthesized in the body
by an organ, cells of an organ, or diffusely located cells,
which have a precise regulatory action on the functions of
certain organs or organs on cell types. Substances secreted
by various endocrine glands and transported in the blood
stream to target organs on which their effects are produced.
Also applied to various substances not produced by special
glands but having a similar action.
horror autotoxicus (historical)
A term coined by Paul Ehrlich (circa 1900) to account for
an individual’s failure to produce autoantibodies against
his own self constituents even though they are excellent
antigens or immunogens in other species. This lack of
immune reactivity against self was believed to protect
against autoimmune disease. It was also postulated to be
a fear of poisoning or destroying one’s self. Abrogation of
horror autotoxicus leads to autoimmune disease. Horror
autotoxicus was later (1959) referred to as self tolerance by
F.M. Burnett.
horse serum sensitivity
An allergic or hypersensitive reaction in a human or other animal
receiving antitoxin or antithymocyte globulin generated
by immunization of horses whose immune serum is used for
therapeutic purposes. Classic serum sickness is an example
of this type of hypersensitivity that first appeared in children
receiving diphtheria antitoxin early in the 20th century.
host-vs.-graft disease (HVGD)
The humoral and cell-mediated immune response of a
recipient host to donor graft antigens.
hot antigen suicide
The labeling of an antigen with a powerful radioisotope
such as 131 I proves lethal upon contact with antigen-binding
cells that have receptors specific for it. This leads to a
failure to synthesize antibodies specific for that antigen,
provided the antigen-binding and antibody-synthesizing
cells are one and the same. Hot antigen suicide supports the
clonal selection theory of antibody formation.
hot spot
A hypervariable region in DNA that encodes the variable
region of the heavy (V H) and light (V L) polypeptide chains
of an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule. Also designated
complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), they are the
areas for specific antigen binding. They also determine the
idiotype of an immunoglobulin molecule. The remaining
background support structures of the heavy and light polypeptide
chains are termed framework regions (FRs). The
κ and λ light chain hot spots are situated near amino acid
residues 30, 50, and 95. Also called hypervariable regions.
house dust allergy
Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals
exposed to house dust in which the principal allergen
is Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the house dust mite.
The condition is expressed as a respiratory allergy with the
atopic subject manifesting either asthma or allergic rhinitis.
HPV
Human papilloma virus. A human virus that has the potential
to be oncogenic and occurs most frequently in individuals
with multiple sexual partners. HPV has 46 genotypes.
The virus can be demonstrated by in situ hybridization in
proliferations of epithelial cells that are benign, such as
condyloma accuminatum, or malignant, such as squamous
cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Whereas HPV types 6
and 11 are not usually premalignant, HPV types 16, 18, 31,
33, and 35 are linked to cervical intraeptithelial neoplasia
(CIN), cervical dysplasia, and anogenital cancer. HPV is
predicted to induce derepression as a neoplastic mechanism.
HPV encodes E6, a viral protein that combines with the
tumor suppressor protein p53.
HR
Abbreviation for hypersensitive response.
HSA
Abbreviation for human serum albumin, an antigen commonly
used in experimental immunology.
HSC
Abbreviation for hematopoietic stem cell.