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hepatitis A, inactivated and hepatitis B 319 hepatitis B virus immunity
Hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase.
hepatitis A, inactivated and hepatitis B,
recombinant vaccine (injection)
For active immunization of individuals 18 years of age or
older against disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) and
infection by all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Vaccination may not protect 100% of recipients. Hepatitis D
(delta virus) fails to occur in the absence of HVB infection.
Thus, this vaccine also protects against hepatitis D.
hepatitis A virus immunity
Protective immunity is conferred by circulating antibodies
that can be passively transferred. Recovery from hepatitis A
virus infection is associated with lifelong protective immunity
against reinfection. Pooled human immunoglobulin (HNIG)
has been used since World War II to prevent hepatitis A virus
infection and is 90% effective if administered prior to exposure.
Three inactivated cell-culture-derived hepatitis A virus
vaccines have been developed to induce circulating antibodies
to antigens present on the virus surface. These vaccines are
safe, very immunogenic, and protect against infection.
hepatitis B
A DNA virus that is relatively small and has four open
reading frames. The S gene codes for hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg). The P gene codes for a DNA polymerase.
An X gene and a core gene code for hepatitis B core antigen
(HBcAG), and the precore area codes for HBeAg.
hepatitis B immune globulin (human, injection)
Indicated for post-exposure hepatitis B prophylaxis such
as acute exposure to blood containing HBsAg, perinatal
exposure of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, sexual
exposure to an HBsAg-positive individual, or household
exposure to persons with acute HBV infection.
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antibody
A murine monoclonal antibody specific for the HBsAg
phenotype.
hepatitis B vaccine
The human-plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine
(Heptavax-B) developed in the 1980s was unpopular
because of the fear of AIDS related to any injectable
Exposure
HBsAg
Onset of disease
HBeAg
Window period
Anti-HBc
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBe
product derived from human plasma. The vaccine was
replaced by a recombinant DNA vaccine (Recombivax )
prepared in yeast (Saccharomyces cervesiae). It is very
effective in inducing protective antibodies in most recipients.
Nonresponders are often successfully immunized by
intracutaneous vaccination.
hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant, injection)
For immunization against infection caused by all known
subtypes of hepatitis B virus, one of several that produce
systemic infection with major pathology in the liver. These
include hepatitis A virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis
C and E viruses (previously referred to as non-A, non-B
hepatitis viruses). Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious
complication of hepatitis B virus infection. Reliable studies
have linked chronic hepatitis B infection with hepatocellular
carcinoma. Eighty percent of primary liver neoplasms
are induced by hepatitis B virus infection. The CDC has
recognized hepatitis B vaccine as the first anticancer vaccine
because it can prevent primary liver cancer.
HBsAg
Complete recovery
Hepatitis B virus and its antigens.
HBcAg
Single-stranded
DNA
HBcAg
Hepatitis B virus and its antigens.
DNA
polymerase
Double-stranded
circular DNA
hepatitis B virus immunity
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to chronic liver
disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The virus is
not believed to cause direct cytopathic injury of liver cells.
Liver injury is likely due to host immune response. During
acute hepatitis B infection, immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-
H