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γδ T cells 288 gastric cell cAMP-stimulating autoantibodies
αβ TCR
β α
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γ (Cγ1) δ
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The diversity of the γδ TCRs and lymphokine synthesis by
cells expressing the γδ TCRs attest to the significance of
the cells in the immune system. Little is known concerning
the types of antigen recognized by γδ TCRs. They fail to
recognize peptide complexes bound to polymorphic MHC
molecules.
T cells
Early T lymphocytes that express γ and δ chains comprising
the T cell receptor of the cell surface. They comprise only
5% of the normal circulating T cells in healthy adults. γδ T
cells home to the lamina propria of the gut. Their function
is not fully understood. γδ T lymphocytes recognize
antigens or pathogens in their natural and unprocessed
states. They respond more rapidly than do αβ T cells to
antigen and proliferate less than the latter. γδ T cells require
negligible or no conventional costimulation. They have been
called sentinels of innate immunity and represent a link to
the adaptive immune system.
M globulin
Obsolete term for IgM.
gammopathy
An abnormal increase in immunoglobulin synthesis.
Gammopathies that are monoclonal usually signify malignancy
such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s disease,
heavy chain disease, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Benign gammopathies occur in amyloidosis and monoclonal
gammopathy of undetermined etiology. Inflammatory
disorders are often accompanied by benign polyclonal
gammopathies. These include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus
erythematosus, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, and angioimmunoblastic
lymphadenopathy.
gancyclovir (9-[2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl]
guanine)
An antiviral drug used for the therapy of immunocompromised
patients infected with cytomegalic inclusion virus.
Five days of gancyclovir therapy has proven effective for
clearing cytomegalovirus (CMV) from the blood, urine,
and respiratory secretions. It has been used successfully
to treat CMV retinitis, gastroenteritis, and hepatitis. Drug
resistance may develop. The drug may induce neutropenia
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γδ TCRs
T cell receptor (TCR) showing αβ and γδ receptors.
γ (Cγ2 2χ) δ
γ (Cγ2 3χ) δ
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and thrombocytopenia as side effects. It has not proven very
effective in AIDS or bone marrow transplant patients.
ganglioside autoantibodies
Autoantibodies to the monosialogangliosides GM 1, GM 2,
and GM 3 are present in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS),
multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatic disorders with neurologic
involvement, motor neuron diseases (MNDs), and
various neoplasms. These autoantibodies crossreact with
one or more polysialogangliosides, including GD 1a, GD 1b,
GD 2, GD 3, GT 1a, GT 1b, and GQ 1b. Cross or polyreactivity
patterns lend some clinical specificity to the antiganglioside
response in GBS, Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS), MNDs,
and other neurological diseases that include schizophrenia,
AIDS dementia complex, and neuropsychiatric–systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Gardasil ®
A human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine comprised of four
strains of HPV, a virus transmitted through the skin via
sexual contact. Protects against two strains of HPV that
cause approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. It also
protects against two additional strains that are responsible
for approximately 90% of genital wart cases. It is considered
safe and effective for 9- to 26-year old females. Clinical trials
proved Gardasil 100% effective against HPV strains 16 and
18, the etiologic agents for 70% of cervical cancer cases. It
was 99% effective against HPV strains 6 and 11 that induce
90% of genital wart cases. The CDC indicates that more than
20 million people have HPV infections. Eighty percent of
females are infected by the time they reach 50 years of age
and 50% of sexually active individuals have HPV. Refer to
human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine.
gas gangrene antitoxin
Antibodies found in antisera against exotoxins produced by
Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum, and C. oedematiens,
bacteria that may cause gas gangrene. In the past, this antiserum
was used with antibiotics and surgical intervention in
the treatment of wounds with potential for gas gangrene.
gastric cell cAMP-stimulating autoantibodies
These autoantibodies have been detected in young males
with long-standing duodenal ulcer disease, a family history
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