Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

freemartin 283 functional affinity
termed F. tularensis LVS, are easily killed by polymorphonuclear
leukocytes and are susceptible to hydrochloric acid
and hydrogen peroxide produced as a result of the oxidative
burst. No significant toxins are produced by F. tularensis.
T-cell-mediated immunity can prevent fulminating disease.
Infection or vaccination with live attenuated bacteria can
induce host protection against tularemia.
freemartin
The female of dizygotic cattle twins; the other twin is a
male. Their placentas are fused in utero, causing them to be
exposed to each other’s cells in utero prior to the development
of immunologic maturity. This renders the animals
immunologically tolerant of each other’s cells and prevents
a twin from rejecting grafts from the other twin. The female
has reproductive abnormalities and is sterile.
Frei test
A tuberculin type of delayed hypersensitivity skin test
employed to reveal delayed-type hypersensitivity in lymphogranuloma
venereum patients. Following intradermal
injection of lymphogranuloma venereum virus, an erythematous
and indurated papule develops after 4 days.
Freund, Jules (1890–1960)
Hungarian physician who later worked in the United States.
He made many contributions to immunology, including his
work on antibody formation, studies on allergic encephalomyelitis,
and the development of Freund’s adjuvant. He
received the Lasker Award in 1959.
Freund’s adjuvant
A water-in-oil emulsion that facilitates or enhances an
immune response to antigen incorporated into the adjuvant.
There are two forms. Complete Freund’s adjuvant
(CFA) consists of lightweight mineral oil that contains
killed, dried mycobacteria. With the aid of an emulsifying
agent such as Arlacel A, antigen in an aqueous phase is
incorporated into the oil phase containing mycobacteria.
This emulsion is then used as the immunogen. Incomplete
Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) differs from the complete form
only in that it does not contain mycobacteria. In both
cases, the augmenting effect depends on and parallels the
magnitude of the local inflammatory lesion, essentially a
non-necrotic monocytic reaction with fibrous encapsulation.
Whereas the complete form facilitates stimulation of
both T and B limbs of the immune response, the incomplete
variety enhances antibody formation but does not stimulate
cell-mediated immunity except for transient Jones–Mote
reactivity. The adjuvant principle in mycobacteria is the cell
wall wax D fraction. CFA does not potentiate the immune
response to the so-called thymus-independent antigens such
as pneumococcal polysaccharide or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
CFA may be combined with normal tissues and injected
into animals of the type supplying the tissue to induce
autoimmune diseases such as thyroiditis, allergic encephalomyelitis,
or adjuvant arthritis.
Freund’s adjuvant, complete
Refer to Freund’s adjuvant.
Freund’s adjuvant, incomplete
Refer to Freund’s adjuvant.
front typing
In blood typing for transfusion, antibodies of known
specificity are used to identify erythrocyte ABO antigens.
Differences between front and back typing may be
attributable to acquired group B or B subtypes, diminished
ABO blood grouping by front and back typing.
immunoglobulins, anti-B and anti-A1 antibody polyagglutination,
rouleau formation, cold agglutinins, Wharton’s jelly,
or two separate cell populations.
frustrated phagocytosis
The inability of a phagocyte to engulf a target particle
because of its large size or fixation in a tissue, which leads
to the external release of lysosomal contents, resulting in
localized tissue injury.
FTA–ABS (fluorescence treponema antibody absorption)
A serological test for syphilis that is very sensitive (i.e.,
approaching 100%) in the diagnosis of secondary, tertiary,
congenital, and neurosyphilis.
FTA–ABS test
An assay for specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum
in the sera of patients suspected of having syphilis. Before
combining serum with killed T. pallidum microorganisms
fixed on a slide, the serum is first absorbed with an extract
of Reiter’s treponemes to remove group-specific antibodies.
After washing, the specimen is covered with fluorescein-labeled
antihuman globulin, followed by examination by fluorescence
microscopy with ultraviolet light. Demonstration
of positive fluorescence of the target microorganisms
reveals specific antibody present in the serum. The greater
specificity and sensitivity of this test make it preferable to
the previously used FTA-200 assay.
FTY720
An investigational immunosuppressive drug, which is a
synthetic analogue of the fungal toxin known as myriocin
and synthesized by Isaria sinclairii, which inhibits the
serine palmitoyltransferase enzyme needed for the de novo
production of sphingolipids and sphingosine. This drug has
no effect on innate immune system cells, making it more
desirable than other immunosuppressive drugs that might
facilitate opportunistic infections.
Fudenberg, Hugh (1928–)
Prolific author and editor of immunology research articles
and books. Research interests have included immunoglobulins,
cell-mediated immunity, suppressor T cells, and
neuroimmunology, among others.
full chimerism
The state in which all of an individual’s hematopoietic cells
are of donor origin. This results when a bone marrow or
hematopoietic stem cell transplant is performed following
myeloablative conditioning to eliminate all the recipient’s
hematopoietic cells.
functional affinity
Association constant for a bivalent or multivalent antibody’s
interaction with a bivalent or multivalent ligand. The
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