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filariasis 273 fish immunity
filariasis
Infection by filaria such as Wuchereria bancrofti.
filovirus immunity
No effective immune responses are associated with fatal
filovirus infections that cause fulminating hemorrhagic
fever with severe shock syndrome and high mortality in
humans and nonhuman primates. Antibodies that develop
in monkeys against Ebola–Reston virus are nonprotective.
No significant role for neutralizing antibodies has
been found for viral clearance. Extensive alterations of
the parafollicular regions in the spleen and lymph nodes
lead to destruction of antigen-presenting dendritic cells,
pointing to disruption of cell-mediated immunity during
filoviral hemorrhagic fever. Besides these cytolytic effects,
the high carbohydrate content of these viruses may suppress
immune reactivity. A nonstructural glycoprotein
(GP) secreted from cells infected with the Ebola virus
may interfere with an immune response against the virus.
A fragment of spike GP released by infected cells may
have a similar action. Filovirus GP possesses a sequence
motif homologous to an immunosuppressive domain of
retroviral glycoproteins. Filoviruses are now known to
induce immunosuppression in the infected host which contributes
to the rapid course and severity of the infection.
Even though little neutralizing antibody can be detected
in human convalescent sera, it is believed that passive
immunization with antibodies against Ebola virus afford
some benefit in treatment. No vaccines for humans are
presently available.
fimbria
Hair-like filaments. They are adhesins that facilitate attachment
to host cells.
fimbrial antigens
Epitopes of hair-like structures termed fimbriae or pili on
Gram-negative bacteria.
final serum dilution
A serological term to designate the titration end point. It
is the precise dilution of serum reached following combination
with all components needed for the reaction (i.e.,
the addition of antigen and complement to the diluted
serum).
fingerprinting, DNA
A method to demonstrate short, tandem-repeated, highly
specific genomic sequences known as minisatellites. The
probability that two persons would have the identical DNA
fingerprint is only 1 in 30 billion. DNA fingerprinting has
greater specificity than restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) analysis. Each individual has a different
number of repeats. The insert-free, wild-type M13 bacteriophage
identifies the hypervariable minisatellites. The
sequence of DNA that identifies the differences is confined
to two clusters of 15-base-pair repeats in the protein III
gene of the bacteriophage. The specificity of this probe,
known as the Jeffries probe, renders it applicable to human
genome mapping, parentage testing, and forensic science.
RNA may also be split into fragments by enzymatic digestion
followed by electrophoresis. A characteristic pattern for
that molecule is produced and aids in identifying it.
Finn, Ronald
Dr. Ronald Finn, analyzing Kleihauer’s slides, realized that
if the blood of a new mother that contained many dark fetal
cells could be treated so that no fetal cells appeared, she
Ronald Finn.
would be spared Rh sensitization and her next baby would
not be ill.
first-set rejection
Acute form of allograft rejection in a nonsensitized recipient.
It is usually completed in 12 to 14 days. It is mediated
by type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity to graft antigens.
first-use syndrome
An anaphylactoid reaction that may occur in some hemodialysis
patients during initial use of a dialyzer. It may be
produced by dialyzer material or by residual ethylene oxide
used for sterilization.
FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
A method to determine ploidy by examining interphase
(nondividing) nuclei in cytogenetic and cytologic samples.
Fish immunity.
fish immunity
Primary and secondary lymphoid tissues of fish are found
in the thymus, kidney, and spleen. Immune cells are also
found in the skin and mucous membranes. The gills play
an important role in antigen uptake, because they contain
lymphoid and antibody-secreting cells. Fish have no lymph
nodes or gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The thymus is
found in the gill chamber as a paired organ. The fish thymus
resembles the mammalian thymus in structure and function
and contains lymphocytes and some epithelial-type cells
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