Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

experimental autoimmune sialoadenitis (EAS) 258 extrinsic asthma
The infiltrating lymphocytes are comprised mainly of CD4 +
T lymphocytes. There are also many macrophages, and
immunoglobulin G (IgG) is found in the zona pellucida.
experimental autoimmune sialoadenitis (EAS)
An animal model used to investigate the pathogenesis of
salivary gland injury in Sjögren’s syndrome. It may be
induced in LEW rats by immunization with allogeneic or
syngeneic submandibular gland tissue in complete Freund’s
adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis. Autoantibodies are produced
against antigens of salivary ducts as well as mononuclear
cell infiltration of salivary tissues, comprised of
CD4 + , CD8 + , and B lymphocytes. Injury of glands is acute,
yet tissue damage resolves spontaneously 4 to 5 weeks after
immunization. CD4 + T lymphocytes play a critical role in
EAS induction.
experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT)
A murine model for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Susceptibility
to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has a strong major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) genetic component, which has
been shown to reside in the IA subregion of the murine
MHC (H-2), governing the immune response (Ir) genes
to mouse thyroglobulin (MTg). Induced by immunizing
CBA/J mouse substrains with Freund’s complete adjuvant
with whole thyroglobulin protein or its peptides. Following
induction of EAT with MTg, autoantibodies against MTg
appear, and mononuclear cells infiltrate the thyroid.
Repeated administration of soluble, syngeneic MTg without
adjuvant leads to thyroiditis only in the murine haplotype
susceptible to EAT. Autoreactive T cells proliferate in vitro
following stimulation with MTg, passively transfer the
disease to naïve recipients by adoptive immunization and
differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T c) in vitro.
Thus, lymphoid cells rather than antibodies represent the
primary mediators of the disease. In vitro proliferation of
murine-autoreactive T cells was found to show a good correlation
with susceptibility to EAT and was dependent on
the presence of Thy-1 + , Lyt-1 + , Ia + , and L3T4 + lymphocytes.
Effector T lymphocytes (T E) in EAT comprise various
T cell subsets and Lyt-1 (L3T4) and Lyt-2 phenotypes. T
lymphocytes cloned from thyroid infiltrates of patients
with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis reveal numerous cytotoxic
T lymphocytes and clones synthesizing IL-2 and IFN-γ.
While the T cell subsets participate in the pathogenesis of
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoantibody synthesis appears to
aid perpetuation of the disease or result from it.
experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)
A disease of the neural retina and related tissues induced by
immunization with purified retinal antigens. It is a model
for various human ocular inflammatory diseases, possibly
autoimmune, that are accompanied by immunologic
responses to ocular antigens. The most frequently used are
retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag), the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding
protein (IRBP), and rhodopsin. Immunization
with these antigens incorporated into complete Freund’s
adjuvant leads to injury of the photoreceptor cell layer of
the retina. Histopathologically, inflammatory cells infiltrate
the retina, and the photoreceptors are injured. Also called
experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.
experimental tolerance
Antigen-specific suppression of an immune response
induced by the inoculation of a mature animal with a nonimmunogenic
form of the antigen through the usual manner
of immunization or an immunogenic form of the antigen
through a nonimmunogenic route of administration.
extended haplotype
Linked alleles in positive linkage disequilibrium situated
between and including HLA-DR and HLA-B of the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans. Examples
of extended haplotypes include the association of B8/DR3/
SCO1/GLO2 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
and of A25/B18/DR2 with complement C2 deficiency.
Extended haplotypes may be consequences of crossover
suppression through environmental influences together
with selected HLA types, leading to autoimmune conditions.
The B27 relationship to Klebsiella is an example.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct
sequencing help identify a large number of allelic differences
and specific associations of extended haplotypes
with disease. Extended haplotypes are more informative
than single polymorphisms. Some diseases associated with
extended haplotypes include Graves’ disease, pemphigus
vulgaris, type I (juvenile onset) psoriasis, insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, and autoimmune hepatitis.
extracellular antigen
Refer to exogenous antigen.
extracellular pathogen
A pathogenic microorganism that reproduces in the interstitial
fluid, blood or lumens of the respiratory, urogenital, and
gastrointestinal tracts rather than entering host cells.
extramedullary plasmacytoma
A plasma cell dyscrasia in which the malignant plasma cells
have moved beyond the bone marrow and entered other tissues.
extramedullary tissues
Tissues and organs other than lymphoid tissues or bone
marrow.
extranodal lymphoma
A lymphoma of diffuse lymphoid tissue, such as gut-associated
lymphoid tissue.
extrathymic T cell development
Development and maturation of T lymphocytes in tissues
external to the thymus gland.
extravasation
The movement of fluid and cells from the circulating
blood into the surrounding tissues without interrupting the
integrity of vessel walls, as in inflammation. The process
consists of margination and diapedesis.
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Inflammation in the lung produced by immune reactivity,
mainly of the granulomatous type, to inhaled antigens such
as dust, bacteria, molds, grains, and other substances. Also
called farmer’s lung.
extrinsic apoptotic pathway
Refer to apoptosis.
extrinsic asthma
An asthma caused by antigen-antibody reactions. It has
two mutually non-exclusive forms: (1) atopic, involving