Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

endogenous 247 endoplasmic reticulum
receptor-facilitated endocytosis. In pinocytosis, extracellular
fluid is captured within a plasma membrane vesicle. In
receptor-facilitated endocytosis, extracellular ligands bind
to receptors, and coated pits and coated vesicles facilitate
internalization. Clathrin-coated vesicles become uncoated
and fuse to form endosomes. Ligand and receptor dissociate
within the endosome, and the receptor returns to the cell
surface. Endosomes fused with lysosomes form secondary
lysosomes where ligand degradation occurs. Low density
lipoproteins are handled in this manner.
endogenous
Resulting from conditions within the organism rather than
externally caused; derived internally.
endogenous antigen
An epitope that forms in a host cell, such as a protein
produced by a virus-infected cell or one infected by an
intracellular bacterium.
endogenous antigen processing and presentation
A mechanism whereby cytosolic endogenous antigens are
degraded into peptides by proteasomes and bound to MHC
Class I molecules in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This
is followed by exhibition of the peptide–MHC Class I complex
at the cell surface. This cytosolic antigen processing
pathway occurs in nearly all nucleated cell types.
endogenous pyrogen
Cytokine that induces an increase in body temperature, in
contrast to an exogenous pyrogen such as an endotoxin from
Gram-negative bacteria that elevates body temperature by
activating endogenous pyrogen synthesis and release.
endometrial antibodies
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies present in two
thirds of women with endometriosis. They react with the
epithelial glandular portion but not the stromal component
of endometrium. They have been suggested as a possible
cause for infertility that occurs in approximately 30 to 40%
of women with endometriosis.
endometrial autoantibodies
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies present in 50
to 74% of endometriosis patients. They react with the
epithelial (glandular) component and not the stromal
component of normal endometrium regardless of menstrual
cycle phase. These autoantibodies have been suggested as
possible causes of infertility observed in 30 to 40% of endometriosis
patients. The sera of endometriotic patients react
with both normal and endometriotic tissue. Antibody titer is
not correlated with stage of endometriosis or the menstrual
cycle phase. Endometriosis patients often manifest lupus
anticoagulant (45%), antinuclear antigen reactivity (10 to
25%), and elevated IgG concentrations (95%). They also
form antibodies to phospholipids and histones.
endomysial antibodies
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) subclass (IgA EmA) antibodies
that are specific for reticulin in smooth muscle endomysium.
They are present in essentially all celiac disease
(gluten-sensitive enteropathy) patients with villous atrophy
and in 60 to 70% of individuals with dermatitis herpetiformis
who receive diets with normal gluten content.
endomysial autoantibodies
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) autoantibodies that react with
the reticulin constituent of endomysium in primate smooth
muscle. These antibodies are present in 70 to 80% of dermatitis
herpetiformis (DH) patients on regular
gluten-containing diets and in all patients with celiac disease
(CD), a gluten-sensitive enteropathy with severe villous
atrophy. IgA EmA specificity for active gluten-sensitive
enteropathy is >98%. IgA EmA is a better predictor for CD
than are IgA gliadin autoantibodies (AGA). A positive IgA
EmA is confirmatory evidence and indicates the need for
intestinal biopsy. IgA AGA and IgA-R1-reticulin autoantibodies
(IgA ARA) are present in approximately one quarter
of DH patients and in 93 and 44%, respectively, of patients
with active CD. The incidence of CD is 10 times greater
(with selective IgA deficiency) compared to subjects without
selective IgA disease.
endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica
A condition resulting from the accidental release of lens
protein into the blood circulation during cataract removal in
humans. This interaction of a normally sequestered antigen
(i.e., lens protein) with the host immune system activates
an autoimmune response that results in inflammation of the
involved eye.
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum (E.R.)
Endomysial autoantibodies.
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum.
Eukaryotic
Cell
endoplasmic reticulum
A structure in the cytoplasm comprised of parallel membranes
connected to the nuclear membranes. Lipids and
selected proteins are synthesized in this organelle. The
membrane is continuous and convoluted. Electron microscopy
reveals rough endoplasmic reticulum that contains
ribosomes on the side exposed to the cytoplasm and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes. Fatty acids and
phospholipids are synthesized and metabolized in smooth
E