Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

Edelman, Gerald Maurice (1929–) 242 Ehrlich, Paul (1854–1915)
Edelman, Gerald Maurice (1929–)
American investigator and professor at Rockefeller
University who shared a Nobel Prize in 1972 with Porter for
their work on antibody structure. Edelman was the first to
demonstrate that immunoglobulins are composed of light
and heavy polypeptide chains. He also did pioneering work
with the Bence–Jones protein, cell adhesion molecules,
immunoglobulin amino acid sequences, and neurobiology.
edema
Tissue swelling as a result of fluid extravasation from the
intravascular space.
edge artifact
In immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded tissues,
tissue drying may produce nonspecific coloring at the
periphery which is an artifact.
edible vaccine
A genetically altered food containing microorganisms or
related antigens that may induce active immunity against
infection. A plant constituent altered genetically to express
an antigen of a pathogen that can be ingested as food.
efalizumab
An immunosuppressive agent used to treat plaque psoriasis.
Interacts with CD11a, the α subunit of leukocyte
function antigen-1 (LFA-1), which all leukocytes express,
and diminishes cell surface expression of CD11a. Inhibits
binding of LFA-1 to intercellular adhesion molecule-1
(ICAM-1), inhibiting leukocyte adhesion to other cell types.
LFA-1 and ICAM-1 interaction facilitates the initiation and
maintenance of multiple processes, including T lymphocyte
activation, T lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and
T lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation, including
psoriatic skin.
effector B cell
Refer to effector lymphocyte (effector cell).
effector cells
Lymphocytes capable of eliminating pathogens from the
body without further differentiation.
effector function
The nonantigen-binding functions of an antibody molecule
that are mediated by the constant regions of heavy
chains. These include Fc receptor binding, complement
fixation, binding to mast cells, etc. Effector function
generally results in removal of antigen from the body, such
as in phagocytosis or complement-mediated lysis. The
elimination of foreign entities by effector cells through
such mechanisms as cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, and
antibody production.
effector lymphocyte
A lymphocyte activated through either specific or nonspecific
mechanisms to carry out a certain function in
the immune response. The differentiated descendants of
an activated leukocyte that remove a nonself constituent.
Certain effector cells including plasma cells, Th cells, and
cytotoxic T lymphocytes require less costimulation than
their resting naïve counterparts and express homing and
chemokine receptors that are different, thereby permitting
excess inflammatory sites. NKT and ILK cells may function
as effectors without a need to proliferate. Examples of
effector lymphocytes include the natural killer (NK) cell,
tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIF), lymphokine-activated
killer (LAK) cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocyte,
and suppressor T cell. Most commonly, the term
signifies a T lymphocyte capable of mediating cytotoxicity,
suppression, or helper function.
effector mechanism
The means whereby post innate and adaptive immune
responses destroy and eliminate pathogens from the body.
effector phase
That part of an immune response following recognition and
activation phases during which a foreign antigen such as a
microbe is inactivated or destroyed.
effector response
An event that follows antigen recognition and binding by
antibody, such as complement-mediated lysis.
effector site
An isolated area of the mucosa in which there is differentiation
of lymphocytes activated in a mucosal inductive site
into effector cells capable of effector functions, such as
antibody synthesis.
effector stage (hypersensitivity)
Refer to elicitation.
effector T cell
Refer to effector lymphocyte (effector cell).
efferent lymphatic vessel
The channel through which lymph and lymphocytes exit a
lymph node in transit to the blood.
efficacy (vaccine)
Capacity of a vaccine to effectively induce protective
immunity against a disease represented by the percentage
of vaccinated subjects who develop immunity against
the pathogenic microorganism. Frequently evaluated
by post-vaccination seroconversion. Referred to also as
coverage.
Paul Ehrlich.
Ehrlich, Paul (1854–1915)
Born in Silesia, Germany; graduated from the University
of Leipzig as a doctor of medicine. His scientific work
included three areas of investigation. He first became
interested in stains for tissues and cells and perfected
some of the best ones to demonstrate the tubercle bacillus