Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

DAT 217 decay accelerating factor (DAF)
DAT
Abbreviation for direct antiglobulin test. Refer to direct
Coombs’ test.
Jean Baptiste Gabriel Dausset.
Dausset, Jean Baptiste Gabriel (1916–)
French physician and investigator. He pioneered research on
the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system and the immunogenetics
of histocompatibility. For this work he shared
a Nobel prize with Benacerraf and Snell in 1980. (Refer to
Immunohematologie, Biologique et Clinique, 1956; HLA
and Disease [with Svejaard], 1977.)
John R. David.
David, John R.
David demonstrated that immune lymphoid cells activated
by their corresponding antigens secrete a substance that
inhibits macrophage migration, a feature of delayed hypersensitivity.
This soluble factor was designated migration
inhibitory factor (MIF). David found that MIF had a molecular
weight greater than 10,000 Da and was not preformed.
Barry R. Bloom and associates proved that lymphocytes
synthesized MIF and macrophages were the targets. The
description of MIF and its properties was the first demonstration
that soluble factors regulate immune responses and
play a significant role in intercellular communication.
ddC (dideoxycytidine)
An inhibitor of reverse transcriptase used in AIDS treatment.
It resembles ddI.
ddI (2′,3′-dideoxyinosine)
A purine analog that blocks human immunodeficiency
virus 1 (HIV-1) in vivo. It is transformed into a triphosphorylated
substance, ddATP, which blocks HIV reverse
transcriptase and suppresses the replication of HIV by
inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. Administration of ddI may
be followed by an elevation in the CD4 + T helper cells
and a significant decrease in p24 antigen, an indicator of
HIV activity in the blood. Patients with acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS) tolerate ddI better than they
do zidovudine.
DDS syndrome
A hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in 1 in 5000 patients
with leprosy who have been treated with dapsone (4,4′diaminodiphenyl
sulfone [DDS]), a drug that prevents folate
synthesis by inhibiting the p-aminobenzoic acid condensation
reaction. Patients develop hemolysis, agranulocytosis,
and hypoalbuminemia, as well as exfoliative dermatitis and
life-threatening hepatitis.
dead vaccine
Refer to inactivated vaccine.
Dean and Webb titration
Historically important antibody measurement assay. While
the quantity of antiserum is held constant, varying dilutions
of antigen are added, and the tube contents are mixed.
The tube in which flocculation occurs first represents the
endpoint. Within the tube, the ratio of antigen to antibody is
in optimal proportions.
death by neglect
The mechanism whereby DP thymocytes with T cell receptors
that are not functional undergo apoptosis. Also termed
death by non-selection.
death by non-selection
Refer to death by neglect.
death domains
Protein molecular structures recognized as participating
in protein–protein interactions. The name derives from the
original definition related to proteins encoded by genes
involved in apoptosis.
death receptor
A molecular configuration of the cell surface which,
when engaged, initiates apoptosis. Fas, TNFR1, and DRS
are examples.
C4b
C2a C4b
Decay accelerating factor.
DAF
decay accelerating factor (DAF)
A cell surface protein that blocks activation of complement
on human cells. A 70-kDa membrane glycoprotein of
normal human erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets that
C2
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