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cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity 204 cyclin D1 (polyclonal), rabbit
substances such as nuts, fish, or eggs or other substances
such as rubber, dander, or other environmental agents. The
signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis are associated with the
release of chemical mediators, including histamine and
other substances, from mast cell or basophil granules following
crosslinking of surface immunoglobulin E (IgE) by
antigen or nonimmunological degranulation of these cells.
The pharmacological mediators act principally on the blood
vessels and smooth muscle. The skin may be the site where
an anaphylytic reaction is induced or it can be the target of
a systemic anaphylactic reaction resulting in itching (pruritus),
urticaria, and angiodema.
Macrophage
Basophil
Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.
Basophil
Basophil
Granules
cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity
(Jones–Mote hypersensitivity)
A type of delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity in which
there is prominent basophil infiltration of the skin immediately
beneath the epidermis. It can be induced by the
intradermal injection of a soluble antigen such as ovalbumin
incorporated into Freund’s incomplete adjuvant.
Swelling of the skin reaches a maximum within 24 hours.
The hypersensitivity reaction is maximal between 7 and
10 days following induction and vanishes when antibody
is formed. Histologically, basophils predominate, but
lymphocytes and mononuclear cells are also present.
Jones–Mote hypersensitivity is greatly influenced by lymphocytes
that are sensitive to cyclophosphamide (suppressor
lymphocytes).
cutaneous immune system
Adaptive and innate immune system constituents present
in the skin that function in concert to detect and respond
to environmental antigens. Among the cutaneous immune
system constituents are keratinocytes, Langerhans’ cells,
intraepithelial lymphocytes, dermal lymphocytes, and
antigen-presenting cells. Comprises the skin-associated
lymphoid tissues (SALT) that can react against invading
skin pathogens without obligatory participation by the
draining lymph nodes.
cutaneous lymphocyte antigen
HECA-452 epitope expressed on a skin-associated subset of
memory T cells that are active in recirculation and homing
to skin sites.
cutaneous sensitization
Application of antigen to the skin to induce hypersensitivity.
cutaneous T cell lymphoma
A malignant growth of T lymphocytes that home to the
skin, such as mycosis fungoides.
CVID (common variable immunodeficiency)
A relatively common congenital or immune deficiency that
may be familial or sporadic. The familial form may have a
variable mode of inheritance. Hypogammaglobulinemia is
common to all of these patients and usually affects all classes
of immunoglobulin, but in some cases only IgG is affected.
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies three forms
of the disorder: (1) an intrinsic B lymphocyte defect, (2) a
disorder of T lymphocyte regulation that includes deficient T
helper lymphocytes or activated T suppressor lymphocytes,
and (3) autoantibodies against T and B lymphocytes. Most
patients have intrinsic B cell defects with normal numbers
of B cells in the circulation that can identify antigens and
proliferate but cannot differentiate into plasma cells. The
ability of B cells to proliferate when stimulated by antigen is
demonstrated by the hyperplasia of B cell regions of lymph
nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissue; yet, differentiation
of B cells into plasma cells is blocked. The deficiency of antibody
that results leads to recurrent bacterial infections as well
as intestinal infestation by Giardia lamblia, which produces
a syndrome that resembles sprue. Noncaseating granulomas
occur in many organs. The incidence of autoimmune diseases
such as pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and hemolytic
anemia is increased. Lymphomas also occur in these
immunologically deficient individuals.
CXC subgroup
A chemokine family in which a disulfide bridge between
cysteines is separated by a different amino acid residue (X).
CXCL8
A chemokine formerly called IL-8 and associated with
neutrophil extravasation.
CXCR-4
A chemokine receptor, CXCR-4, and its ligand, PBSF/
SDF-1, are required for later stages of development of the
vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract.
cyanogen bromide
A chemical that specifically breaks methionyl bonds.
Approximately one half of the methionine residues in an
immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule (e.g., those in the Fc
region) are cleaved by treatment with cyanogen bromide.
cycle-specific drugs
Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs that lead to deaths
of mitotic and resting cells.
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
Adenosine 3′,5′-(hydrogen phosphate), a critical regulator
within cells. It is produced through the action of adenylate
cyclase on adenosine triphosphate and activates protein
kinase C. It serves as a “second messenger” when hormones
activate cells. Elevated cAMP concentrations in mast cells
diminish their response to degranulation signals.
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Guanosine cyclic 3′,5′-(hydrogen phosphate). A cAMP
antagonist produced by the action of guanylatecyclase on
guanosine triphosphate. Elevated cGMP concentrations in
mast cells accentuate their responses to degranulation signals.
cyclin D1 (polyclonal), rabbit
Anti-cyclin D1 is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects
cyclin D1, one of the key cell cycle regulators that is a
putative proto-oncogene overexpressed in a wide variety