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cryptodeterminant 203 cutaneous anaphylaxis
CTLA-4
CD28
cryptodeterminant
Refer to hidden determinant.
Cryptosporidium immunity
Mucosal immunization may prove useful to prevent cryptosporidiosis
in AIDS patients. Little is known of the host
immune response to C. parvum. The infection is increased
in severity and duration in immunosuppressed individuals,
indicating that a specific mucosal immune response
must be induced in the host. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) limits the
infection, whereas CD4 + T cells limit the duration of the
infection. Thus, both IFN-γ and CD4 + T cells are critical
to inducing resistance to and resolution of the infection.
Interleukin-12 (IL12) activates both natural killer cells and
cytotoxic T lymphocytes and induces IFN-γ synthesis. The
administration of IL12 prevents C. parvum murine infection.
This proves that exogenous IL12 therapy can prevent
the infection through an IFN-γ-dependent specific immune
mechanism and that endogenous IL12 synthesis helps to
limit C. parvum infection.
crystallographic antibodies
Antibodies against antigenic crystals, such as those
found in patients with gout who develop immunoglobulin
G (IgG) antibodies against monosodium urate monohydrate
(MSUM). These antibodies facilitate crystallization
of more MSUM, which can lead to recurrence of
gout.
CSIF
Abbreviation for cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Refer
to interleukin-10.
CSF
Abbreviation for (1) colony-stimulating factor or (2) cerebrospinal
fluid.
cSMAC
Central supramolecular activation complex, constituting
the center ring of the SMAC. It is composed of activated T
cell receptors, pMHC, coreceptors and related kinases, and
lipid rafts.
C terminus
The carboxyl terminal end of a polypeptide chain containing
a free –COOH group.
CTL
Abbreviation for cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
Activated T Cell
CTLA-4 CTLA-4
CD28
B7 B7 B7 B7 B7
Participation of CTLA-4 molecules during antigen presentation.
T-cell
receptor
Antigen
CD4
MHC class II
CTLA-4
Molecule that is homologous to CD28 and expressed on
activated T cells. The genes for CD28 and CTLA-4 are closely
linked on chromosome 2. The binding of CTLA-4 to its ligand
B7 is an important costimulatory mechanism (refer to CD28
and costimulatory molecules). A high affinity receptor for B7
costimulatory molecules on T lymphocytes.
CTLA-4/B7-2 complex.
CTLA-4–Ig
A soluble protein composed of the CD28 homolog CTLA
and the constant region of an IgG 1 molecule. It is used
experimentally to inhibit the immune response by blocking
CD28–B7 interaction.
C-type lectin
The binding of this lectin to carbohydrate ligands is
calcium-dependent.
Cu-18
A glycoprotein of breast epithelium. Immunoperoxidase
staining identifies this marker in most breast tumors and a
few tumors of the ovary and lung. Stomach, pancreas, and
colon tumors do not express this antigen.
Cunningham plaque technique
A modification of the hemolytic plaque assay in which an
erythrocyte monolayer between a glass slide and cover slip
is used without agar for the procedure.
cutaneous anaphylaxis
A local reaction specifically elicited in the skin of an
actively or passively sensitized animal. Causes of cutaneous
anaphylaxis include an immediate wheal-and-flare response
following prick tests with drugs or other substances; insect
stings or bites; and contact urticaria in response to food
C