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contact system 194 control
SKIN
contact system
A system of proteins in the plasma that engage in sequential
interactions following contact with surfaces of particles that
bear a negative charge, such as glass, or with substances
such as lipopolysaccharides, collagen, etc. Bradykinin is
produced through their sequential interaction. C1 inhibitor
blocks the contact system. Anaphylactic shock, endotoxin
shock, and inflammation are processes in which the contact
system has a significant role.
continuous epitope
Linear antigenic determinant on proteins. It is contiguous in
amino acid sequence and does not require folding of a protein
into its native conformation for antibody to bind with it.
contraception, immunological
A method to prevent an undesired pregnancy. Vaccines that
induce antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses
against either a hormone or gamete antigen significant to
reproduction have been developed. Such vaccines control
fertility in experimental animals. They have undergone
exhaustive safety and toxicological investigations that have
shown the safety and reversibility of some of the vaccines
and, with the approval of regulatory agencies and ethics
commissions, have undergone clinical trials in humans. Six
vaccines, three in women and three in men, have completed
phase I clinical trials showing their safety and reversibility.
One vaccine has successfully completed phase II trials
Antigen Inducer
Antigen
presenting cell
TcsiF
VH—Restricted
Ag—Binding
I—J+
Contact with
surface Ag
(urushiol)
Self protein
APC *
Ly2 3+ Ly1, 2, 3
MHC
TCR
Processed
antigen
peptide
proving efficacy in females. The trials have determined
the titers of antibodies and other immunological features.
The fertilized egg makes the hormone hCG. Antibodies
that inactivate one or more hormones involved in the
production of gametes and sex steroids may be expected to
impair fertility. Blocking the action of luteinizing hormone
releasing hormone (LHRH) would also inhibit the synthesis
of sex steroids. This might prove useful in controlling
fertility of domestic animals but would not be acceptable
for contraception in humans. Two vaccines against LHRH
are in clinical trials for patients with prostate carcinoma. A
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) vaccine would act at the
level of male fertility, as FSH is required for spermatogenesis
in primates.
contrasuppression
A part of the immunoregulatory circuit that prevents suppressor
effects in a feedback loop. This is a postulated
mechanism to counteract the function of suppressor cells in
a feedback-type mechanism. Proof of contrasuppressor and
suppressor cell circuits awaits confirmation by molecular
biologic techniques.
contrasuppressor cell
A T cell that opposes the action of a suppressor T lymphocyte.
control
A specimen of known content used with an unknown
specimen during an analysis so the two may be compared.
I—J+ I—J+
T cs
Ly1 +
Transducer Effector
contrasuppressor
Contrasuppression.
Delayed-type
hypersensitivity
Delayed-type
hypersensitivity
T lymphocyte
Contact sensitivity to poison ivy plants containing urushiol which induces delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by CD4 + T cells with skin lesions.
TDTH *
TcsF
T H
Ly1 +