Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

concanavalin A (con A) 191 congenic vaccine
class III molecules in humans. Caucasians have 12 ordinary
complotypes that may be in positive linkage disequilibrium.
concanavalin A (con A)
A jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) lectin that induces
erythrocyte agglutination and stimulates T lymphocytes
to undergo mitosis and proliferate. Con A interacts with
carbohydrate residues rich in mannose. Macrophages must
be present for T lymphocytes to proliferate in response to
con A stimulation. There are four 237-amino acid residue
subunits in con A. There is one binding site for saccharide,
one for Ca 2+ , and one for a metallic ion such as Mn 2+ in each
con A subunit. T lymphocytes stimulated by con A release
interleukin-2 (IL2). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated
by con A induce lysis of target cells without regard to the
antigen specificity of either the effector or target cell. This
may be induced by crosslinking of the effector and target
cells by con A, which is capable of linking to high-mannose
oligosaccharides on target cell surfaces as well as to highmannose
sugars on T cell receptors. Con A binds readily to
ordinary cell membrane glycoproteins such as glucopyranosides,
fructofuranosides, and mannopyranosides.
concatamer integration
Occurs when the entire genome of vector including the
bacterial plasmid is integrated into the host genome.
concomitant immunity
(1) The continued survival of adult worms from a primary
infection while the host is demonstrably resistant to reinfection
by a secondary challenge of fresh cercariae. (2) In
tumor immunology, resistance to a tumor transplanted into
a host already bearing that tumor. Immunity to the reinoculated
neoplasm does not inhibit growth of the primary
tumor. (3) Resistance to reinfection of a host currently
infected with that parasite.
concordance rate
A gauge of the incidence of the same disease appearing in
two monozygotic or dizygotic twins.
conditional knockout mouse
The rendering of a gene of interest nonfunctional (“knocked
out”) exclusively at a precise stage of development in a
mutant mouse or in a designated cell or tissue following
induction by a specific stimulus.
confocal fluorescent microscopy
A technique in which optics are used to form images at very
high resolution by having two origins of fluorescent light
that join only at one plane of a thicker section.
conformational determinant
An epitope composed of amino acid residues that are not
contiguous and represent separated parts of the linear
sequence of amino acids brought into proximity to one
another by folding of the molecule. A conformational
determinant is dependent on three-dimensional structure.
Conformational determinants, therefore, are usually associated
with native rather than denatured proteins. Antibodies
specific for linear determinants and others specific for
conformational determinants may give clues as to whether
a protein is denatured or native, respectively. Also called
discontinuous epitope.
conformational epitope
Discontinuous determinant on a protein antigen formed
from several separate regions in the primary sequence of
a protein brought together by folding. Antibodies that bind
conformational epitopes bind only native folded proteins.
congenic
A mouse line that is identical or almost identical to other
inbred stains with the exception of the substitution of an
alien allele at a single histocompatibility locus that crosses
with a second inbred strain permitting introduction of the
foreign allele.
congenic mice
Refer to congenic strains.
Strain 1 Strain 2
AA
AA
AB
BB
AB
Strain A skin grafts
+
Strain 1
congenic strains
Inbred mouse strains that are believed to be genetically
identical except for a single genetic locus difference.
Congenic strains are produced by crossing a donor strain
and a background strain. Repeated backcrossing is made
to the background strain, selecting in each generation
for heterozygosity at a certain locus. Following 12 to 14
backcrosses, the progeny are inbred through brother–sister
matings to yield a homozygous inbred strain. Mutation
and genetic linkage may lead to random differences at
a few other loci in the congenic strain. Designations for
congenic strains consist of the symbol for the background
strain followed by a period and then the symbol for the
donor strain.
congenic vaccine
An immunogen comprised of polysaccharide bound
covalently to proteins. The conjugation of weakly
immunogenic, bacterial polysaccharide antigens with
protein carrier molecules considerably enhances their
immunogenicity. Induces B cell responsiveness against
thymus-dependent antigens rather than to thymus-independent
antigens. The protein supplies peptide epitopes
that activate CD4 T cells to help B cells specific for the
AB
AB
Congenic strains.
AB
AB
BB
Repeat Strain 1-2
>9 cycles
AB
C