Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

clotting system 180 coated vesicle
Most clostridial diseases do not induce protective immunity
because the amount of toxin required to produce disease
is less than that necessary to induce an immunologic
response. Even though systemic immunity does not follow
an episode of the disease, tetanus toxoid can induce immunity
that may last for 5 years. Tetanus immunoglobulin is
also valuable for passive immunization in suspected cases.
Antibotulinum toxin antibody is available for laboratory
workers. Intravenous administration of γ globulin containing
high titers of antibody to C. difficile toxin has been
useful in the therapy of patients with relapsing C. difficile
diarrhea.
clotting system
A mixture of cells, their fragments, zymogens, zymogen
activation products and naturally occurring inhibitors,
adhesive and structural proteins, phospholipids, lipids,
cyclic and noncyclic nucleotides, hormones, and inorganic
cations, all of which normally maintain blood flow.
With disruption of the monocellular layer of endothelial
cells lining a vessel wall, the subendothelial layer is
exposed, bleeding occurs, and a cascade of events is
initiated that leads to clot formation. These homeostatic
reactions lead to formation of the primary platelet plug
followed by a clot that mainly contains crosslinked
fibrin (secondary hemostasis). After the blood vessel is
repaired, the clot is dissolved by fibrinolysis. Refer also
to coagulation system.
cluster of differentiation (CD)
The designation of antigens on the surfaces of leukocytes by
their reactions with clusters of monoclonal antibodies. The
antigens are designated as clusters of differentiation (CDs).
clusterin (serum protein SP-40,40)
A complement regulatory protein that inhibits membrane
attack complex (MAC) formation by blocking the fluid
phase of the MAC. Its substrate is C5b67.
clustering
Monomeric antigens, monovalent lectins, and monovalent
antibody to mIg, and other membrane components
neither cap on the cell surface nor produce large clusters.
Multivalent ligand binding is necessary for clustering and
for capping. Clustering, unlike capping, is a passive redistribution
process. Spotting or patching does not require a cell
to be living or metabolically active. Clustering is affected
by the factors that control phenomena occurring in a threedimensional
fluid aqueous phase and also by physicochemical
properties of plasma membranes. The outcome of
cluster formation is influenced by physiological interactions
between the membrane proteins.
CMI
Abbreviation for cell-mediated immunity.
CMK-BRL-1
Chemokine β receptor-like 1 is a member of the G proteincoupled
receptor family, the chemokine receptor branch
of the rhodopsin family. It is expressed on neutrophils and
monocytes but not on eosinophils. It may be found in brain,
placenta, lung, liver, and pancreas.
CML
Abbreviation for chronic myelogenous leukemia.
CNS prophylaxis
The intrathecal administration of chemotherapeutic
agents or localized CNS and brain irradiation to block
tumor cell invasion.
Cμ
An immunoglobulin μ chain constant region. The corresponding
exon is designated Cμ.
c-myb
A protooncogene that codes for the 75- to 89-kDa phosphoprotein
designated c-Myb in the nucleus, which immature
hematopoietic cells express during differentiation. When
casein kinase II phosphorylates Myb at an N terminal
site, the union of Myb to DNA and continued activation
are blocked. This phosphorylation site is deleted during
oncogenic transformation, which permits Myb to combine
with DNA.
c-myb gene
A gene that encodes formation of a DNA-binding protein
that acts during early growth and differentiation stages
of normal cells. A c-myb gene is expressed mainly in
hematopoietic cells, especially bone marrow hematopoietic
precursor cells, but it is greatest in the normal murine thymus.
The highest c-myb expression is in the double-negative
thymocyte subpopulation.
c-myc gene
Refer to myc.
coagglutination
The interaction of immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies with
the surfaces of protein-A-containing Staphylococcus aureus
microorganisms through their Fc regions, followed by interaction
of the Fab regions of these same antibody molecules
with surface antigens of bacteria for which they are specific.
Thus, when the appropriate reagents are all present, coagglutination
will take place in which the Y-shaped antibody
molecule will serve as a bridge between staphylococci and
the coagglutinated microorganism for which it is specific.
coagulation, invertebrate
A mechanism in higher invertebrates in which lipopolysaccharide
combines with a pattern recognition receptor to
activate three proteases of a zymogen cascade that leads
to crosslinking of coagulogen protein in hemolymph to
produce a clot. This halts loss of body fluids and isolates
pathogenic microorganisms that may have gained access to
the injured site. It may occur after V(D)J recombination and
non-homologous end joining repair.
coagulation system
A cascade of interactions among 12 proteins in blood
serum that culminates in the generation of fibrin, which
prevents bleeding from blood vessels whose integrity has
been interrupted.
coated pit
A depression in a cell membrane coated with clathrin.
Hormones such as insulin and epidermal growth factor may
bind to their receptors in coated pits or migrate toward the
pits following binding of the ligand at another site. After
the aggregation of complexes of receptor and ligand in the
coated pits, they invaginate and bud off as coated vesicles
containing the receptor–ligand complexes. These structures,
called receptosomes, migrate into cells by endocytosis.
Following association with GERL structures, they fuse with
lysosomes where receptors and ligands are degraded.
coated vesicle
Vesicles in the cytoplasm usually encircled by a coat of
protein-containing clathrin molecules. Coated vesicles
originate from coated pits and are important for protein
secretion and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Coated