Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

chronic lymphocytic leukemia 171 chronic rejection
deletions of 11q. CLL may be asymptomatic and may disrupt
normal immune function through unknown mechanics.
A prolonged disease course.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic
lymphoma
Patients may have secondary immunodeficiency that
affects both B and T limbs of the immune response.
Diminished immunoglobulin levels are due primarily to
diminished synthesis.
chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
Profound infiltration of the thyroid by lymphocytes, leading
to the extensive injury of thyroid follicular structure. Even
though the gland becomes enlarged, its function diminishes,
leading to hypothyroidism. Women are affected much
more commonly than men. Antibodies detectable in the
serum are specific for the 107-kDa thyroid microsomal peroxidase,
the thyrotropin receptor, and thyroglobulin. Also
called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid hormone replacement
therapy is the usual approach to treatment.
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Infection of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails by
Candida albicans associated with defective T-cell-mediated
immunity specific to Candida. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity
to the Candida antigen are negative. There may
also be associated endocrinopathy. The selective deficiency
in T lymphocyte immunity leads to increased susceptibility
to chronic Candida infection. T cell immunity to non-
Candida antigens is intact. B cell immunity is normal,
which leads to an intact antibody response to Candida
antigens. T lymphocytes form migration inhibitor factor
(MIF) to most of the antigens, except for those of Candida
microorganisms. The most common endocrinopathy is
hypoparathyroidism. Clinical forms of the disease may
be either granulomatous or nongranulomatous. Candida
infection of the skin may be associated with the production
of granulomatous lesions. The second most frequent
endocrinopathy associated with this condition is Addison’s
disease. The disease is difficult to treat. The antifungal drug
ketoconazole has proven effective. Intravenous amphotericin
B has led to improvement. Transfer factor has been
administered with variable success in selected cases.
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
A disease affecting adults between the ages of 25 and
60 years that has a distinctive molecular abnormality consisting
of a translocation involving the Bcr gene on chromosome
9 and the Abl gene on chromosome 22. The Bcr/Abl fusion
gene that results controls the synthesis of a 210-kDa fusion
protein that has tyrosine kinase activity; 90% of cases have
the Ph1 karyotype. There is a striking increase in neoplastic
granulocytic precursors in the bone marrow. The target of
transformation is a pluripotent stem cell. The Bcr/cAbl fusion
gene can be detected by either chromosomal analysis or polymerase
chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular assays. There
is also nearly total lack of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.
Most frequently encountered myeloproliferative disease.
Marked by elevated numbers of mature and immature granulocytes.
Clinically may be manifested as a chronic phase,
accelerated phase, or blast crisis.
chronic myeloid leukemia
Leukemia characterized by cell types in the circulation that
are in the late stages of granulocyte maturation. These include
mature granulocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes.
chronic progressive vaccinia (vaccinia gangrenosa) (historical)
An unusual sequela of smallpox vaccination in which the
lesions produced by vaccinia on the skin became gangrenous
and spread from the vaccination site to other areas
of the skin. This occurred in children with cell-mediated
immunodeficiency.
Renal allotransplant showing chronic rejection. The kidney is shrunken
and malformed.
Microscopic view of chronic rejection showing tubular epithelial atrophy
with interstitial fibrosis and shrinkage of glomerular capillary tufts.
Wall of an artery seen in chronic rejection. Note obliteration of the vascular
lumen with fibrous tissue; only a slit-like lumen remains.
chronic rejection
A type of allograft rejection that occurs during a prolonged
period following transplantation and is characterized by
structural changes such as fibrosis with loss of normal organ
architecture. The principal pathologic change is degeneration
and occlusion of arteries linking the graft to the host.
This results from intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation
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