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chromogranins 168 chronic active hepatitis, autoimmune
Gel
matrix
Antigen to be isolated
(i.e., Protein Molecules)
Antibody
coated
bead
Fractionated
protein mixture
Absorption chromatography separates molecules based on their absorptive
characteristics. Fluid is passed over a fixed solid stationary phase.
Chromogranin⎯pancreas.
paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections. It aids the
localization of secretory storage granules in endocrine cells.
Chromogranin A is a large, acidic protein present in catecholamine-containing
granules of bovine adrenal medulla.
It may be widely distributed in endocrine cells and tissues
that share some common characteristics and are known as
APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cells.
Dispersed throughout the body, they are also referred to as
the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Chromogranin
has been demonstrated in several elements of the DNES,
including anterior pituitary, thyroid parafollicular C cells,
parathyroid chief cells, pancreatic islet cells, intestinal
enteroendocrine cells, and tumors derived from these cells.
Chromogranin immunoreactivity has also been observed
in the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, fetal liver, neurons,
inner segments of rods and cones, the submandibular gland,
and the central nervous system. Chromogranin is a widespread
histological marker for polypeptide-producing cells
(APUDs) and the tumors derived from them.
chromogranins
Acidic glycoproteins (molecular weights of 20 to 100 kDa)
of neurosecretory granules in multiple tissue sites that are
used as general endocrine indicators of neuroendocrine
tumors using the immunoperoxidase reaction. The chromogranins
are designated as A, B, and C. B and C are also
termed secretogranin I and II.
chromatin remodeling
Changing a gene’s chromatin structure to increase or
diminish its availability for transcription.
chromatin remodeling complex
An enzymatic complex that is large, variable, and comprised of
multiple components. These complexes are able to reorganize
and flex DNA to either enhance or repress its transcription.
chromatography
A group of methods employed for the separation of proteins.
chromosomal translocations
DNA sequence rearrangement between two different chromosomes
or two separate regions on the same chromosome,
which is frequently associated with neoplasia. Lymphocyte
malignancies may be associated with chromosomal translocations
involving an immunoglobulin or T cell receptor locus
and a chromosomal segment containing a cellular oncogene.
Chronic active hepatitis.
Chronic active hepatitis piecemeal necrosis.
chronic active hepatitis, autoimmune
A disease that occurs in young females who may develop
fever, arthralgias, and skin rashes. They may be of the
HLA-B8 and DR3 haplotype and suffer other autoimmune
disorders. Most develop antibodies to smooth muscle,
principally against actin, and autoantibodies to liver membranes.
They also have other organ- and nonorgan-specific
autoantibodies. A polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
may be present. Lymphocytes infiltrating portal areas
destroy hepatocytes. Injury to liver cells produced by these
infiltrating lymphocytes produces piecemeal necrosis. The