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catalytic antibody 138 CD1
elimination reactions, bond-forming reactions, and redox processes.
Most antibody-catalyzed reactions are highly stereospecific.
For efficient catalysis, it is necessary to introduce catalytic
functions within the antibody-combining site properly juxtaposed
to the substrate. Catalytic antibodies resemble enzymes
in processing their substrates through a Michaelis M complex,
in which the chemical transformation takes place followed by a
product dissociation. Refer also to abzyme.
catalytic antibody
A monoclonal antibody into whose antigen-binding site
the catalytic activity of a specific biological enzyme has
been introduced. This permits enzymatic catalysis of
previously arranged specificity to take place. Site-directed
mutagenesis, in which a catalytic residue is added to a
combining site by amino acid substitution, is used to attain
the specificity. Specific catalysts can be generated by other
mechanisms, such as alternation of enzyme sites genetically
or chemical alternation of receptors with catalytic
properties.
catch-up vaccine
The immunization of unvaccinated children at a convenient
time, such as the first day of school, rather than at the optimal
time for antibody synthesis. This procedure provides a second
opportunity for disease prevention and control for many
children who miss vaccines at regularly scheduled intervals.
cathepsins
Thiol and aspartyl proteases that have broad substrate specificities.
Cathepsins represent the most abundant proteases
of endosomes in antigen-presenting cells. They are believed
to serve an important function in the generation of peptide
fragments from exogenous protein antigens that bind to
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules.
Significant for Ii chain degredation into diminutive
fragments, leading to CLIP formation. Critical components
of exogenous antigen processing and presentation.
cationic proteins
Phagocytic cell granule constituents that have antimicrobial
properties.
CBA mouse
A strain of inbred mice from which many substrains have
been developed, such as CBA/H-T6.
CBA/N mouse
A CBA murine mutant that is incapable of responding
immunologically to linear polysaccharides and selected
other thymus-independent immunogens. The B cells of
this mutant strain are either defective or immature. The
Lyb3, Lyb5, and Lyb7 B lymphocyte subsets are not present
in these mice. This mutation is designated xid and has
an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. The serum
immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for these mice are
diminished. They mount only weak immune responses to
thymus-dependent immunogens.
CC CKR-1
CC chemokine receptor 1 belongs to the G protein-coupled
receptor family, the chemokine receptor branch of the
rhodopsin family. It is expressed on neutrophils, monocytes,
eosinophils, B cells, and T cells. Tissue sources include
the placenta, lung, and liver. CC CKR-1 RNA is present in
peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) but not in patients with osteoarthritis.
Also termed MIP-1α receptor, RANTES receptor, and
CCR-1.
CC CKR-2
CC chemokine receptor 2 belongs to the G protein-coupled
receptor family, the chemokine receptor branch of the
rhodopsin family. Ligands include MCP-1 and MCP-3. It
is expressed on monocytes. Tissue sources include kidney,
heart, bone marrow, lung, liver, and pancreas. Also called
MCP-1 receptor and CCR2 A and B.
CC CKR-3
CC chemokine receptor 3 belongs to the G-protein-coupled
receptor family, the chemokine receptor branch of the rhodopsin
family. Tissue sources include the human monocyte
cDNA library. Also termed eosinophil chemokine receptor,
RANTES receptor, CCR3, and eotaxin receptor.
CC CKR-4
CC chemokine receptor 4 mRNA is present in leukocyterich
tissue. It is found in interleukin-5 (IL5)-treated
basophils. Ligands include MIP-1α, RANTES, and MCP-1.
Tissue sources include the immature basophilic cell line
KU-812. Also termed CCR4.
CCL2
A chemokine generated from activated T cells that directs
macrophages to an area of infection. Known previously as
macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP).
CCL21
A vascular endothelial cell-derived chemokine associated
with leukocyte extravasation. Known previously as SLC.
CC subgroup
A chemokine subgroup in which adjacent cysteines are
linked by disulfide bonds.
CD antigen
A molecule of the cell membrane that is employed to differentiate
human leukocyte subpopulations based upon their
interactions with monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal
antibodies that interact with the same membrane molecule
are grouped into a common cluster of differentiation (CD).
CD antigens
Cluster of differentiation antigen identified by monoclonal
antibodies. The CD designation refers to a cluster of
monoclonal antibodies, all of which have identical cellular
reaction patterns and identify the same molecular species.
Anti-CD refers to anti-idiotype and should not be employed
to name CD monoclonal antibodies. The CD designation
was subsequently used to describe the recognized molecule
but it had to be clarified by using the term antigen or
molecule. CD nomenclature is used by most investigators to
designate leukocyte surface molecules. Provisional clusters
are designated as CDw.
CD (cluster of differentiation)
Refer to cluster of differentiation. Molecular weights for the
CD designations that follow are given for reduced conditions.
CD molecules
Cell-surface molecules found on immune system cells that
are designated a cluster of differentiation (CD) followed
by a number, such as CD33. For a complete listing of CD
markers, refer to Appendix V.
CD1
An antigen that is a cortical thymocyte marker that disappears
at later stages of T cell maturation. The antigen is also found on
interdigitating cells, fetal B cells, and Langerhans’ cells. These
chains are associated with β 2-microglobulin, so the antigen is
thus analogous to classical histocompatibility antigens but is
coded for by a different chromosome. More recent studies have