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BXSB mice 119 bystander lysis
Butterfly rash.
erythematous and scaly patches that may become bulbous
or secondarily infected. The rash is not specific for lupus
erythematosus; it may appear in various other conditions
including AIDS, dermatomyositis, ataxia–telangiectasia, erysipelas,
pemphigus erythematosus, pemphigus foliaceus, etc.
BXSB mice
A mouse strain genetically prone to developing lupus
erythematosus-like disease spontaneously. The strain
manifests serologic aberrations and immune complex glomerulonephritis
but demonstrates a distinct and significant
acceleration of the disease in males. Among other features,
BXSB strains develop moderate lymphadenopathy 10 to
20 times greater than normal. The B cell content of these
proliferating male lymph nodes may reach 70%. The B
cell content also develops significant levels of antinuclear
antibodies, including anti-DNA, diminished complement,
and immune complex-mediated renal injury. Acceleration
of this autoimmune disease in the male rather than in the
female has been shown not to be hormone-mediated.
byssinosis
A disease of cotton, flax, jute, and hemp employees, probably
attributable to hypersensitivity to vegetable fiber dust.
These patients develop tightness in the chest upon returning
to work after several days’ absence.
bystander activation
B cell stimulation with T cell help provided by a T helper
cell responding to an unrelated antigen.
bystander B cells
Non-antigen-specific B cells in the area of B cells specific
for antigen. Released cytokines activate bystander B cells
that synthesize nonspecific antibody following immunogenic
challenge.
bystander effects
Indirect, non-antigen-specific phenomena that result in
polyclonal responses. In contrast to antigen-specific interactions,
bystander effects are the results of cellular interactions
that take place without antigen recognition or under
conditions in which antigen and receptors for antigen are
not involved. Bystander effects are phenomena linked to
the specific immune response in that they do not happen on
their own but only in connection with a specific response.
Cells not directly involved in the antigen-specific response
are trans-stimulated or “carried along” in the response.
bystander lysis
Tissue cell lysis that is nonspecific. The tissue cells are
not the specific targets during an immune response but are
killed as innocent bystanders because of their proximity
to the site where nonspecific factors are released near the
actual target of the immune response. Bystander lysis may
occur by the Fas/FasL pathway, depending on the polarity
and kinetics of FasL surface expression and downregulation
after T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. This cytotoxicity
pathway may give rise to bystander lysis of Fas + target
cells.
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