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ullous pemphigoid antigen 117 Burnet, Frank Macfarlane (1899–1985)
Hans Buchner (1850–1902).
Bulla formation
Linear IgG and C3
at dermal-epidermal junction
Bullous pemphigoid.
Bullous pemphigoid.
pattern at the lamina lucida of the dermal–epidermal junction
in most patients (50 to 90%) and at linear C3 in nearly
all cases. The blisters are subepidermal bullae filled with
fluid containing fibrin, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.
Antigen–antibody–complement interaction and
mast cell degranulation release mediators that attract inflammatory
cells and facilitate dermal–epidermal separation.
bullous pemphigoid antigen
The principal antigen is a 230-kDa basic glycoprotein
produced by keratinocytes in the epidermis. Autoantibody
and complement react with this antigen to produce bullous
pemphigoid skin lesions.
bungarotoxin
An anticholinergic neurotoxin extracted from the venom
of Australian snakes belonging to the genus Bungarus . It
binds to acetylcholine receptors of the nicotinic type and
inhibits depolarization of the neuromuscular junction’s
postsynaptic membrane, leading to muscular weakness.
Bunyaviridae immunity
Bunyaviridae are very immunogenic, stimulating the
formation of neutralizing antibodies that are type-specific
and reveal limited crossreactivity within the genus. Solid
immunity that follows infection protects against reinfection.
The immune responses in some individuals may be
too late to prevent central nervous system or liver invasion.
For example, Rift Valley fever virus may lead to liver
necrosis and high mortality. Some American hantaviruses
produce the greatest effect on the lungs rather than the liver,
kidneys, or central nervous system, leading to hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome. G1 glycoprotein antibodies neutralize
viral infectivity and prevent hemagglutination. The
dominant antigen is nucleocapsid protein in complementfixation
assays. Little is known regarding the role of
cell-mediated immunity in resistance. Formalin-inactivated
veterinary vaccines against Rift Valley fever and Nairobi
sheep disease are available.
Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Burkitt’s lymphoma
An Epstein–Barr virus-induced neoplasm of B lymphocytes
that affects the jaws and abdominal viscera. It is seen
especially in African children. The Epstein–Barr virus is
present in tumor cells that may reveal rearrangement between
the c-myc-bearing chromosome and the immunoglobulinheavy
chain gene-bearing chromosome. Burkitt’s lymphoma
patients have antibodies to the Epstein–Barr virus in their
blood sera. The disease occurs in geographic regions that
are hot and humid and where malaria is endemic. It occurs
in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency and in other
immunosuppressed individuals. There is an effective immune
response against the lymphoma that may lead to remission.
Burnet, Frank Macfarlane (1899–1985)
Australian virologist and immunologist who shared the
Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology with Peter B.
Medawar in 1960 for the discovery of acquired immunological
tolerance. Burnet was a theoretician who made major
contributions to the developing theories of self tolerance
and clonal selection in antibody formation. Burnet and
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