Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

ight 115 Brucella immunity
bright
An adjective used in flow cytometry to indicate the relative
fluorescence intensity of cells being analyzed, with bright
designating the greatest intensity and dim representing the
lowest intensity of fluorescence.
BRM
Abbreviation for biological response modifier.
bromelin
An enzyme used to render erythrocyte surfaces capable of
being agglutinated by incomplete antibody.
bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
BALT is present in birds and mammals, including humans.
In many areas it appears as a collar containing nodules
located deep around the bronchus and connected with the
epithelium by patches of loosely arranged lymphoid cells.
Germinal centers are absent (except in chickens), although
cells in the centers of nodules stain lighter than do those at
the periphery. Plasma cells are occasionally present beneath
the epithelium. The cells in BALT have a high turnover rate
and apparently do not produce immunoglobulin G (IgG).
BALT development is independent of that of the peripheral
lymphoid tissues or antigen exposure. The cells of BALT
apparently migrate there from other lymphoid areas. This
tissue plays an important role in mounting an immune
response to inhaled antigens in respiratory infectious
agents. Refer also to MALT.
bronchial asthma
Intermittent and reversible airway obstruction that results
from repeated hypersensitivity reactions leading to inflammatory
disease in the lung. Chronic inflammation of the
bronchi with eosinophils, hypertrophy, and hyperreactivity
of bronchial smooth muscle cells occur.
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilatation of the bronchi of the lungs associated
with expectoration of mucopurulent material.
bronchodilator
Quick acting aerosolized β adrenergic drug that inhibits
mast cell degranulation and relieves bronchoconstriction
during acute asthma attacks.
(A) Protein solution
in low concentration
Attachment
to receptors
Microvilli
Phagosome
Lysosome
Fusion and
digestion
Phagolysome
releasing
undigested protein
from cell
Alveolar wall
BALT
Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).
Bronchiole
BRST-2 (GCDFP-15), monoclonal antibody (murine)
Detects BRST-2 antigen expressed by apocrine sweat
glands, eccrine glands (variable), minor salivary glands,
bronchial glands, metaplastic epithelium of the breast,
benign sweat gland tumors of the skin, and the serous
cells of the submandibular gland. Breast carcinomas
(primary and metastatic lesions) with apocrine features
express the BRST-2 antigen. BRST-2 is positive in
extramammary Paget’s disease. Other tumors tested are
negative.
Brucella immunity
The immune response to Brucella infection is marked by
early immunoglobulin M (IgM) synthesis followed by a
switch to IgG and IgA. IgE is also detected. IgM persists
for an unusually long time, possibly responding to the
T cell-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Antibodies are important for the serodiagnosis of Brucella
infection. The only protective role of the antibody is probably
as a pre-existing mucosal antibody that decreases
(B) Protein solution
in high concentration
Attachment
to receptors
Microvilli
Phagosome
Lysosome
Fusion and
digestion
Phagolysome
releasing
undigested protein
from cell
Mechanism of γ-globulin transmission by the cell. (A) Concentration of γ-globulin is only a little more than sufficient to saturate the receptors and the
proportion degraded is less than 40%. (B) Concentration is about four times that in (A); hence over 80% is degraded. The amount released from the cell
remains constant, regardless of concentration.
B