Untitled - D Ank Unlimited

iotin–avidin system 108 bispecific antibodies
(BRMs). BRMs are prepared by recombinant DNA technology
and include lymphokines such as interferons, interleukins,
tumor necrosis factor, etc. Monoclonal antibodies
for therapeutic purposes also belong in this category.
Biologicals have always presented problems related to
chemical and physical standardization to which drugs are
subjected. Biologicals are regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration within the United States.
biotin–avidin system
Avidin is an egg-white-derived glycoprotein with an
extraordinarily high affinity (affinity constant > 10 15 M –1 )
for biotin. Streptavidin is similar in properties to avidin but
has a lower affinity for biotin. Many biotin molecules can
be coupled to a protein, enabling the biotinylated protein to
bind more than one molecule of avidin. If biotinylation is
performed under gentle conditions, the biological activity of
the protein can be preserved. By covalently linking avidin
to different ligands such as fluorochromes, enzymes, or EM
markers, the biotin–avidin system can be employed to study
a wide variety of biological structures and processes. This
system has proven particularly useful in the detection and
localization of antigens, glycoconjugates, and nucleic acids
by employing biotinylated antibodies, lectins, or nucleic
acid probes.
biovin antigens
Salmonella O antigens. These carbohydrate–lipid–protein
complexes withstand trichloroacetic acid treatment.
Biozzi mice
Murine lines that are genetically selected for high (H) or
low (L) antibody responsiveness. Selections I, II, III, IV,
and V have been carried out. The character selected was
the maximal or minimal antibody response at a given time
following an optimal dose of the various antigens used in
the different selections.
BiP
A chaperonin that binds unassembled heavy and light
chains after they are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Chains that are malformed are not allowed to leave the
ER and thus are not used in immunoglobulin assembly.
Birbeck granule.
Birbeck granule
A round, 10- to 30-nm-diameter cytoplasmic vesicle present
in the cytoplasm of Langerhans’ cells in the epidermis.
bird fancier’s lung
Respiratory distress in a subject who is hypersensitive to
plasma protein antigens of birds following exposure to bird
Bird fancier’s lung. Lung biopsy shows an interstitial granulomatous pneumonitis
consistent with bird fancier’s lung.
feces or skin and feather dust. Hypersensitive subjects have
an Arthus type of reactivity or type III hypersensitivity to the
plasma albumin and globulin components. Precipitates may
be demonstrated in the blood sera of hypersensitivity subjects.
Bird fancier’s lung. Lung biopsy shows an interstitial granulomatous pneumonitis
consistent with bird fancier’s lung.
BI-RG-587
A powerful inhibitor of reverse transcriptase in humans.
This dipyridodiazepinone can prevent the replication of
HIV-1 in vitro. It can be used in conjunction with such nucleoside
analogs as zidovudine, ddI, and ddC, and in subjects
whose HIV-1 infections no longer respond to these drugs.
Cl –
NN
+
NN Cl –
+
bis-diazotized benzidine.
bis-diazotized benzidine
A chemical substance that serves as a bivalent coupling
agent that can link to protein molecules. It was used in the
past to conjugate erythrocytes with antigens for use in the
passive agglutination test.
bispecific antibodies
Molecules that have two separate antigen-binding specificities.
They may be produced by either cell fusion or chemical
techniques. An immunoglobulin molecule in which
one of two antigen-binding sites is specific for one antigen-