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entonite flocculation test 105 β 1F globulin
Bence-Jones (B-J) protein.
proteins, including antigens. It was used in the past in the
bentonite flocculation test.
bentonite flocculation test
An assay in which bentonite particles are used as carriers
to adsorb antigens. These antigen-coated bentonite particles
are then agglutinated by the addition of a specific antibody.
Berger’s IgA nephropathy.
Berger’s disease
A type of glomerulonephritis in which prominent IgAcontaining
immune deposits are present in mesangial areas.
Patients usually present with gross or microscopic hematuria
and often mild proteinuria. Under light microscopy,
mesangial widening or proliferation may be observed.
However, immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating
IgA and C3, fixed by the alternative pathway, is requisite for
diagnosis. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of
electron-dense deposits in mesangial areas. Half of the cases
progress to chronic renal failure over a 20-year course.
berylliosis
A disease induced by the inhalation of beryllium in dust.
Subjects may develop a delayed-type hypersensitivity (type
IV) reaction to beryllium–macromolecular complexes. An
acute chemical pneumonia or chronic pulmonary granulomatous
disease that resembles sarcoidosis may develop.
Granulomas may form and lead to pulmonary fibrosis. The
skin, lymph nodes, or other anatomical sites may be affected.
Subjects who develop chronic progressive granulomatous
pulmonary disease appear to be sensitized by beryllium.
Besredka, Alexandre (1870–1940)
Born in Odessa, Besredka was a Parisian immunologist who
worked with Metchnikoff at the Pasteur Institute. He contributed
to studies of local immunity, anaphylaxis, and antianaphylaxis.
(See Anaphylaxie et Antianaphylaxie, 1918;
Histoire d’une Idee: L’Oeuvre de Metchnikoff, 1921; Etudes
sur l’Immunite dans les Maladies Infectieuses, 1928.)
barrel
Refer to β sheet.
cells
Insulin-secreting cells in the islets of Langerhans of the
pancreas.
lysin
A thrombocyte-derived antibacterial protein that is effective
mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. It is released
when blood platelets are disrupted, as occurs during
clotting. β lysin acts as a nonantibody humoral substance
that contributes to nonspecific immunity.
-pleated sheet
A protein configuration in which the β sheet polypeptide
chains are extended and have a 35-nm axial distance.
Hydrogen bonding between NH and CO groups of separate
polypeptide chains stabilizes the molecules. Adjacent molecules
may be either parallel or antiparallel. The β-pleated
sheet configuration is characteristic of amyloidosis and is
revealed by Congo red staining followed by polarizing light
microscopy, which yields an apple-green birefringence.
Ultrastructurally, it consists of nonbranching fibrils.
propiolactone
A substance employed to inactivate the nucleic acid cores
of pathogenic viruses without injuring the capsids. This
permits the development of an inactivated vaccine, as the
immunizing antigens that induce protective immunity are
left intact.
1A globulin
A breakdown product of β 1C globulin. It has a molecular
weight less than that of β 1C globulin, and its electrophoretic
mobility is more rapid than that of β 1C globulin.
β 1A degradation is linked to the disappearance of C3
activity.
1C globulin
The globulin fraction of serum that contains complement
component C3. On storage of serum, β 1C dissociates into
β 1A globulin, which is inactive.
1E globulin
The globulin fraction of serum that contains complement
component C4 activity.
1F globulin
The globulin fraction of serum that contains complement
component C5 activity.
B