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B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) complex 96 B lymphocyte receptor
and be activated by T cells at extrafollicular sites where the
T cells are present in association with antigen-presenting
dendritic cells. Activated B cells enter the follicles, proliferate,
and displace resting cells. They form germinal centers
and differentiate into both plasma cells that form antibody
and long-lived memory B cells. Those B cells synthesizing
antibodies provide defense against microorganisms including
bacteria and viruses. Surface and cytoplasmic markers reveal
the stage of development and function of lymphocytes in the
B cell lineage. Pre-B cells contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulins,
whereas mature B cells express surface immunoglobulin
and complement receptors. B lymphocyte markers include
CD9, CD19, CD20, CD24, Fc receptors, B1, BA-1, B4, and
Ia. Refer also to B cells.
B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) complex
A B lymphocyte surface multiprotein complex that identifies
antigen and transduces activating signals into cells.
The BCR comprises membrane immunoglobulin that binds
antigen and Igα and Igβ proteins that initiate signals.
B lymphocyte chemokine (BLC)
A CXC chemokine that induces B lymphocytes and activated
T cells to enter peripheral lymphoid tissue follicles by
binding to the CXCR5 receptor.
Schematic representation of immunoglobulin (Ig) on a cell membrane.
Making of a hybridoma for monoclonal antibody production.
B lymphocyte hybridoma
A clone formed by the fusion of a B lymphocyte with a
myeloma cell. Activated splenic B lymphocytes from a specifically
immune mouse are fused with myeloma cells by
polyethylene glycol. Thereafter, the cells are plated in HAT
medium in tissue culture plates containing multiple wells.
The only surviving cells are the hybrids, as the myeloma
cells employed are deficient in HAT medium and fail to
grow in HAT medium. Wells with hybridomas are screened
for antibody synthesis. This is followed by cloning carried
out by limiting the dilution or in soft agar. The hybridomas
are maintained either in tissue culture or through inoculation
into the peritoneal cavity of a mouse that corresponds
genetically to the cell strain. The antibody-producing
B lymphocyte confers specificity and the myeloma cell
confers immortality upon the hybridoma. B lymphocyte
hybridomas produce monoclonal antibodies.
B lymphocyte receptor
Immunoglobulin anchored to the B lymphocyte surface. Its
combination with antigen leads to B lymphocyte division
and differentiation into memory cells, lymphoblasts, and
plasma cells. The original antigen specificity of the immunoglobulin
is maintained in the antibody molecules subsequently
produced. B lymphocyte receptor immunoglobulins