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Wisconsin’s Strategy for Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Page 3.3.8.6.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-764 3.3.8.6.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Emergent Aquatic ................................................................. 3-764 3.3.8.6.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Emergent Aquatic ............................................................................................ 3-770 3.3.8.7 Emergent Aquatic – Wild Rice ........................................................... 3-775 3.3.8.7.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-775 3.3.8.7.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Emergent Aquatic – Wild Rice.............................................. 3-775 3.3.8.7.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Emergent Aquatic – Wild Rice............................................................................. 3-779 3.3.8.8 Ephemeral Pond................................................................................. 3-782 3.3.8.8.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-782 3.3.8.8.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Ephemeral Pond ................................................................... 3-782 3.3.8.8.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Ephemeral Pond ............................................................................................ 3-787 3.3.8.9 Great Lakes Coastal Fen..................................................................... 3-790 3.3.8.9.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-790 3.3.8.9.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Great Lakes Coastal Fen ....................................................... 3-790 3.3.8.9.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Great Lakes Coastal Fen ............................................................................................ 3-795 3.3.8.10 Interdunal Wetland........................................................................... 3-797 3.3.8.10.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-797 3.3.8.10.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Interdunal Wetland ............................................................... 3-797 3.3.8.10.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Interdunal Wetland ............................................................................................ 3-801 3.3.8.11 Northern Sedge Meadow.................................................................. 3-803 3.3.8.11.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-803 3.3.8.11.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Northern Sedge Meadow....................................................... 3-813 3.3.8.11.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Northern Sedge Meadow............................................................................... 3-809 3.3.8.12 Open Bog........................................................................................ 3-813 3.3.8.12.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-813 3.3.8.12.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Open Bog............................................................................. 3-813 3.3.8.12.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Open Bog.......... 3-819 3.3.8.13 Shrub Carr....................................................................................... 3-822 3.3.8.13.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-822 3.3.8.13.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Shrub Carr ........................................................................... 3-822 3.3.8.13.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Shrub Carr ........ 3-828 3.3.8.14 Southern Sedge Meadow .................................................................. 3-831 Table of Contents Page xxii
Wisconsin’s Strategy for Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Page 3.3.8.14.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-831 3.3.8.14.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Southern Sedge Meadow....................................................... 3-831 3.3.8.14.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Southern Sedge Meadow............................................................................... 3-836 3.3.8.15 Submergent Aquatic ......................................................................... 3-838 3.3.8.15.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-838 3.3.8.15.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Submergent Aquatic ............................................................. 3-838 3.3.8.15.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Submergent Aquatic ............................................................................................ 3-844 3.3.8.16 Submergent Aquatic – Oligotrophic Marsh........................................ 3-850 3.3.8.16.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-850 3.3.8.16.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Submergent Aquatic – Oligotrophic Marsh............................. 3-850 3.3.8.16.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Submergent Aquatic – Oligotrophic Marsh............................................................... 3-853 3.3.9 Surrogate Communities ............................................................................... 3-855 3.3.9.1 Surrogate Grasslands.......................................................................... 3-855 3.3.9.1.1 Community Overview............................................................ 3-855 3.3.9.1.2 Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need Associated with Surrogate Grasslands ............................................................ 3-856 3.3.9.1.3 Threats and Priority Conservation Actions for Surrogate Grasslands ............................................................................................ 3-861 Chapter 4. Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Assessments and Conservation Strategies 4.1 General Invertebrate Threats and Issues ...................................................................4-1 4.2 General Invertebrate Priority Conservation Actions ..................................................4-1 4.3 Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need..................................................4-2 4.4 Threats, Issues, and Priority Conservation Actions by Taxonomic Group .................4-13 Chapter 5. Monitoring 5.1 Overview and Purpose of Monitoring Species of Greatest Conservation Need, Natural Communities, and Priority Conservation Actions.....................................................5-1 5.2 Adaptive Management...........................................................................................5-2 5.3 Conservation Action Performance Measures ...........................................................5-4 5.4 Designing and Implementing a CWCP Monitoring Program.....................................5-6 5.5 Species of Greatest Conservation Need Monitoring ...............................................5-10 5.5.1 Birds .........................................................................................................5-10 5.5.2 Fish...........................................................................................................5-12 5.5.3 Herptiles ...................................................................................................5-12 5.5.4 Mammals ..................................................................................................5-15 5.5.5 Terrestrial Invertebrates..............................................................................5-17 5.5.6 Aquatic Invertebrates.................................................................................5-17 Table of Contents Page xxiii
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