Background Document - Danish Institute for Parties and Democracy

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Trainings by NGOs, political parties, educational and political institutions are imperative in order to secure greater participation of women in local politics to develop their skills self confidence, gender awareness rights and also for political leadership. CONCLUSION We began by emphasizing the importance of local politics at a time when the discourses on deepening democracy are gaining importance including that of deliberative democracy that celebrates debate and discussion on matters of policy rather than this being taken up exclusively by elected legislators. If such practices are indeed gaining ground, the role of women in local politics cannot be overstated. Since their experiences are different from that of men they bring in new perspectives and new ideas, and to ignore this or bypass it would defeat the very purpose of such a decentralisation process associated with deepening democracy. Whether it is in the countries that are held out as exemplars of women’s political participation such as the Scandinavian countries or states in Africa and South Asia where the hold of patriarchy is palpably more, the phenomena still exists across the world. This mindset produces a certain sexual division of labor in the household and corresponding gendered institutions and ideologies that militate against women participating in local politics. These are the barriers that need to be identified and removed. This is why the South Asian resolution around the issue of violence against women in politics concludes: “We, the people of South Asia, both women and men, collectively challenge patriarchy and seek to replace it with a culture that actively supports equal participation of all. We encourage a South Asian forum that promotes such culture and values through mass communication.” This will be as true in different degrees for the rest of the world as it is for South Asia. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brownhill, Sue and Susan Halford. “Understanding women’s involvement in local politics.” Political Geography, vol. 9(1990):4, 396-414. Chabal, Patrick and Jean-Pascal Daloz. Africa Works. Disorder as political instrument. Oxford and Bloomington: James Currey and Indiana University Press, 1999. “Comparative study Women in Local Government in Asia and the Pacific.” http://www.unescap.org/ huset/women/reports/comparative_report.pdf DasGupta, Sumona. Citizen Initiatives and Democratic Engagement: Experiences from India. New Delhi and Abingdon : Routledge, 2010. Drage, Jean. Women in local Government in Asia and the Pacific, Paper presented to the Asia-Pacific Summit of Women Mayors and Councillors, 2001 http://www.unescap.org/huset/women/summit/substantive_overview/jean_drage_speech_text.htm Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Niikawa, Tatsuro. “Decentralization and Local Politics.” http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C04/E6-32-03-05.pdf Farrell, Martha and Mandakini Pant. “Women’s Political Empowerment and Leadership: Pedagogical Challenges.” Participation and Governance. vol 2 (July 2009): 42-56. Francis, Anne. (not dated) “Why women Succeed in local politics.” http://www.snvworld.org/sites/www. snvworld.org/files/publications/snv_series_03_tanzania_women_politics_leadership.pdf Kalpagam, U. and Jaya Arunachalam. (ed.) Development and Empowerment: Rural Women in India. WOMEN IN POLITICS DANISH INSTITUTE FOR PARTIES AND DEMOCRACY PAGE 34
Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2006. Means, Ingunn Norderval. “Women in Local Politics: The Norwegian Experience,” Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol 5(1973): 3, 365-388. Nambiar, Malini and Kaustuv Kanti Bandyopadhyay. “Self-Help Groups: Engagement with Governance Institutions,” Participation and Governance, vol 10 (March 2004) : 23-30. Iyer, Lakshmi et al. “The power of Political voice: women’s Political Representation and crime in India,” (working paper) 2001, http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-092.pdf Nussbaum, Martha et al. Essays on Gender and Governance. New Delhi: UNDP, 2003. Purkayastha, Bandana and Mangala Subramaniam. The Power of Women’s informal Networks: Lessons in Social change from South Asia and West Africa. MD: Lexington, 2004. Siddiq Tulip and Peter Allen. “We need more female councilors for everyone’s benefit” http://www.leftfootforward.org/2011/10/we-need-more-female-councillors-for-everyones-benefit/ Sisodia, Yatindra Singh (ed). Functioning of Panchayati Raj System. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2005. Tandon, Rajesh & Ranjita Mohanty. Civil Society and Governance. Samskriti: New Delhi, 2002. WOMEN IN POLITICS DANISH INSTITUTE FOR PARTIES AND DEMOCRACY PAGE 35
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Page 5 and 6: Of course this search will also bui
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 9 Young women in politics
Page 9 and 10: YOUNG WOMEN IN POLITICS From househ
Page 11 and 12: litical parties ‘rely on the stat
Page 13 and 14: ing able to keep up with and ‘bei
Page 15 and 16: youth population. Overall, it could
Page 17 and 18: dialogue across party lines. It als
Page 19 and 20: The program was broadly understood
Page 21 and 22: BIBLIOGRAPHY Ann, Teo Sue and Shuib
Page 23 and 24: WOMEN IN LOCAL LEVEL POLITICS Socia
Page 25 and 26: While contesting the post of an ele
Page 27 and 28: In fact training and capacity build
Page 29 and 30: enforcing these norms in ways that
Page 31 and 32: WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS AT TH
Page 33: amidst a scenario where only 0.6% w
Page 37 and 38: WOMEN IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES Strug
Page 39 and 40: A year later, women in the Arab Spr
Page 41 and 42: INSTITUTIONALISED MALE DOMINANCE AN
Page 43 and 44: OPENING SPACES AND INCREASING ACCES
Page 45 and 46: GENDER AND DEMOCRACY Danish democra
Page 47 and 48: ulation were now able to read about
Page 49 and 50: y American, French, German, and Bri
Page 51 and 52: THE STRUGGLE FOR WOMEN’S REPRESEN
Page 53 and 54: On the municipal level, development
Page 55 and 56: and set new standards of female cit
Page 57 and 58: NETWORKS AND TOOLKITS Some resource
Page 59 and 60: EMPOWERING WOMEN FOR STRONGER POLIT
Page 61: MAKING DEMOCRACY WORK FOR WOMEN: IN
Page 64: CHRISTIANSBORG SEMINAR The ’Chris

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