Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2006 - Raizen Lab - The University of ...
Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2006 - Raizen Lab - The University of ...
Copyright by Kirsten Viering 2006 - Raizen Lab - The University of ...
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Figure B.2: Schematic <strong>of</strong> the ground state and the first excited state energy level. <strong>The</strong><br />
hyperfine splitting is indicated for the 3 2 S1/2 ground state and the 3 2 P3/2 state. <strong>The</strong><br />
magnetic splitting is according to the anomalous Zeeman effect. <strong>The</strong> wavelengths for<br />
the resonant transitions are presented, as are the Landé-g-factors. Energy is not to scale.<br />
B.2 Sodium in an external magnetic field<br />
<strong>The</strong> degeneracy <strong>of</strong> the (2F+1) magnetic levels breaks down in an external magnetic<br />
field. If we take the magnetic field to be along the atomic quantization axis (z-axis), the<br />
Hamiltonian<br />
HB = µB<br />
<br />
<br />
gSSz + gLLz + gIIz Bz<br />
(B.1)<br />
describes the interaction <strong>of</strong> the atom with the magnetic field. gS, gL and gI are the<br />
Landé-g-factors for the electron spin, electron orbital and nuclear spin respectively<br />
[20]. If hyperfine splittings are important, F is a good quantum number, and the<br />
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