Ph.D. Thesis - Physics
Ph.D. Thesis - Physics
Ph.D. Thesis - Physics
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5.5 Measuring interactions between macroscopic ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119<br />
5.6 Scaling laws for the simulated interactions in lattice traps . . . . . . . . . . 123<br />
5.6.1 Motional coupling rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123<br />
5.6.2 Simulated J-coupling rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124<br />
5.6.3 Trap depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126<br />
5.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127<br />
6 Surface-electrode PCB ion traps for trap development 129<br />
6.1 Surface-electrode ion traps: history and theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130<br />
6.2 Design and construction of a planar PCB ion trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132<br />
6.2.1 Modeling the trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133<br />
6.2.2 Constructing and mounting the trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134<br />
6.3 Buffer gas loading and micromotion compensation in a PCB ion trap . . . . 137<br />
6.3.1 Experimental setup and ion loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137<br />
6.3.2 Measurement of stray fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139<br />
6.3.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140<br />
6.4 The second-generation PCB ion trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142<br />
6.5 Ablation loading of planar PCB ion traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143<br />
6.5.1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145<br />
6.5.2 Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146<br />
6.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149<br />
7 Quantum simulation in surface-electrode elliptical ion traps 151<br />
7.1 Elliptical ion trap theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152<br />
7.1.1 Secular frequencies and trap depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154<br />
7.1.2 Ion crystal structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155<br />
7.2 Micromotion scaling and its effect on quantum simulation . . . . . . . . . . 160<br />
7.2.1 Scaling of the micromotion amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160<br />
7.2.2 Effect of micromotion on quantum simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 161<br />
7.3 Magnetic gradient forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167<br />
7.3.1 Calculation of the gradients and interaction strengths . . . . . . . . 167<br />
7.3.2 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169<br />
7.4 The cryostat and vacuum apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171<br />
7.4.1 The cryostat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172<br />
7.4.2 Vacuum chamber and optical access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173<br />
7.5 Experimental study of the elliptical trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177<br />
7.5.1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177<br />
7.5.2 Secular frequency measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180<br />
7.5.3 Ion crystal structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182<br />
7.6 Discussion: connection to quantum simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183<br />
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