Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy chapters, we will here summarize three different aspects which mark the individuality of each contribution and its relevance to the subject of this report. In another source, Aili Mari Tripp offers a useful classification of how quotas are enacted as part of national constitutions, mandated by legislation or party-mandated (and voluntary). Table 5.2 shows seven African countries which have constitutionallymandated quota for women. With the exception of Eritrea, all have done better than what is constitutionally mandated. Table 5.3 shows that two countries (Niger and Swaziland) have failed to meet the quotas which are legally mandated. Table 5.2: Constitutionally-enacted quotas for women in African countries Country Percentage of women in legislature Constitutional provision of quota for women Djibouti 10.8 10% of all party seats allocated for women Eritrea 22.0 Reserved seats for women; unicameral Kenya 7.1 Executive appointment; unicameral Morocco 10.8 Women-only national list Rwanda 48.8 Reserved seats for women in upper and lower house Electoral college of women’s councils Tanzania 22.3 Special seats; unicameral Uganda 24.7 Reserved seats; unicameral Quota Year quota introduced 10% 2002 30% 1995 3% 1997 10% 2002 30% 20% 2003 20% 2000 18.4% 1989 Source: Tripp, Aili Mari, ‘Legislative Quotas for Women’, in Mohamed Salih (ed.), African Parliaments Between Government and Governance (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 50.
Table 5.3: Legally-mandated quotas for women in African countries Country Percentage of women in legislature Legal provision of quota for women Niger 11.5 Elected Nominated; unicamera Somalia Transitional National Government Quota Year quota introduced 10% 25% 2000 10.0 Women-only lists 10% 2001 Sudan 9.7 Reserved seats 9.7% 2000 Swaziland 10.8 Upper house: Executive appointment 28% 2003 International Idea Source: Tripp, Aili Mari, ‘Legislative Quotas for Women’, in Mohamed Salih (ed.), African Parliaments Between Government and Governance (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 51. In the case of the party-mandated quota (see Table 5.4), it is clear that the majority of parties did not comply with what they have promised in respect to women representation and none of them has a woman president, secretary general or chair of a political party. Party Structures and Internal Organization
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Chapter 2 Introduction
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Chapter 3 Context
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