Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty
Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty
Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty
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Tables<br />
1.1: The major <strong>Africa</strong>n political parties .................................................................... 12<br />
3.1: Percentage of the largest language group identify<strong>in</strong>g with the govern<strong>in</strong>g<br />
party <strong>in</strong> 12 <strong>Africa</strong>n countries ............................................................................ 27<br />
3.2: Voter behaviour <strong>in</strong> elections <strong>in</strong> ten <strong>Africa</strong>n states, 1995–9 ............................... 28<br />
3.3: Language diversity <strong>in</strong> 25 <strong>Africa</strong>n countries ....................................................... 30<br />
3.4: Religious diversity <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong> .............................................................................. 31<br />
4.1: <strong>Africa</strong>n two-party systems ................................................................................. 47<br />
4.2: Dom<strong>in</strong>ant-party systems and the major political parties ................................... 49<br />
4.3. <strong>Africa</strong>n multiparty systems ............................................................................... 52<br />
4.4: <strong>Africa</strong>n electoral systems and electoral system family ....................................... 56<br />
4.5: Members of the Democrat Union of <strong>Africa</strong>/<strong>Africa</strong>n Dialogue Group<br />
(DUA/ADG) .................................................................................................... 71<br />
4.6: <strong>Africa</strong>n political party members of Liberal International .................................. 73<br />
4.7: <strong>Africa</strong>n political party members of Socialist International .................................74<br />
4.8: The Federation of Green <strong>Parties</strong> of <strong>Africa</strong> ......................................................... 76<br />
5.1: Recent succession-driven constitutional crises, conflicts and consequences ...... 93<br />
5.2: Constitutionally-enacted quotas <strong>for</strong> women <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n countries ...................... 96<br />
5.3: Legally-mandated quotas <strong>for</strong> women <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n countries ................................. 97<br />
5.4: Party-mandated parliamentary quotas <strong>for</strong> women <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n countries ............ 98<br />
5.5: Quotas <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>: Electoral systems and the representation of women .............. 99<br />
6.1: Requirements <strong>for</strong> political parties to contest national elections<br />
(first chamber) ..................................................................................................114<br />
6.2: Requirements <strong>for</strong> political parties to contest national elections<br />
(second chamber) .............................................................................................115<br />
6.3: Requirement <strong>for</strong> candidates to stand <strong>in</strong> parliamentary elections<br />
(first chamber) ...................................................................................................116<br />
6.4: Forms of public fund<strong>in</strong>g of political parties .................................................... 120<br />
6.5: Public subsidies <strong>for</strong> parties <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n democracies by year of<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduction, recipient, allocation criteria and amount ................................... 123<br />
6.6: En<strong>for</strong>cement authority <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n countries with political party f<strong>in</strong>ance<br />
and <strong>in</strong>come disclosure regulations ................................................................... 125<br />
Figures<br />
5.1: Comparison of party and government structure, with parliament<br />
as a mach<strong>in</strong>ery of government connect<strong>in</strong>g voters, political<br />
parties and government ..................................................................................... 82