Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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Besides this report on political parties in sub-Saharan Africa, IDEA and its partners are preparing three sub-regional reports. The authors of these are Khabele Matlosa for Southern Africa, Michael Chege for East Africa and Said Adejumobi for West Africa. These reports are forthcoming, May 2007, and will be found at www.idea. int. This Africa report also draws on the drafts for the sub-regional reports and we express our gratitude to our fellow authors for their input and cooperation. During the process of the research, IDEA and the regional and national African research partners have also engaged regional and sub-regional organizations and networks in a dialogue and in the formulation of a road map for working with political parties in Africa in 2007 and 2008. We would like to give special recognition to the following institutions and individuals for their contributions, partnerships and support to the IDEA initiative on Research and Dialogue with Political Parties: Ambassador Emile Ognimba, Director of Political Affairs in the African Union Commission; Dr Kasuka Mutukwa, Secretary General of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Parliamentary Forum; and Dr Said Adejumobi, Senior Advisor on Governance and Democracy at the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Colleagues at International IDEA who made valuable contributions to the project in its early stages are Julie Ballington and Kenneth Mpyisi, who have both since left IDEA. Theophilius Dowetin of IDEA provided important support during the second half of the project, and Grace Ndungu and Naomi Effah provided much appreciated administrative support. We are heavily indebted to the political parties in the African countries in which this research was undertaken for their invaluable support and cooperation. The countries are Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In these countries, political party leaders and cadres alike participated enthusiastically in interviews and dialogue workshops, and completed the questionnaires which formed the basis of this study. On many occasions they were more than willing to share in confidence their challenges as well as making various information material and publications available to the researchers.
Contents 1. Methodology ................................................................................................... 11 2. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 19 2.1 The structure of this report ............................................................................... 22 3. Context ................................................................................................................ 25 3.1 The internal context .......................................................................................... 26 3.1.1 Socio-political cleavages ........................................................................... 26 3.1.2 The socio-economic context .................................................................... 34 3.2 The external context ......................................................................................... 36 4. African Party and Electoral Systems .............................................. 41 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 41 4.2 African party systems ......................................................................................... 43 4.2.1 One-party systems ................................................................................... 44 4.2.2 Two-party systems .................................................................................. 46 4.2.3 Dominant-party systems ......................................................................... 48 4.2.4 Multiparty systems ................................................................................... 51 4.3 The relationship between the electoral system and the party system ................. 54 4.4 Political competition ......................................................................................... 58 4.5 Party coalitions and networks ........................................................................... 60 4.5.1 National party coalitions ......................................................................... 60 4.6 Regional and sub-regional networks and associations ........................................ 63 4.6.1 The Pan-African Parliament (PAP) .......................................................... 64 4.6.2 The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) ....................................... 66 4.6.3 The Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum) (SADC-PF) ................................................................................ 67 4.6.4 The Economic Community of West African States Community Parliament (ECOWAS-CP) ..................................................................... 68 4.7 African integration into international political party unions .............................. 70 4.7.1 The Democrat Union of Africa/African Dialogue Group (DUA/ADG) .......................................................................................... 70 4.7.2 The Africa Liberal Network ...................................................................... 72 4.7.3 The African members of Socialist International ...................................... 73 4.7.4 The Green Party Federation of Africa ....................................................... 75 4.7.5 The importance of political party networks and associations ................... 76
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6.1 New parties—old theories? 0 P
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12 13 6.3.5 The prescription model
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No. Country Year of introduction 1
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Country Enforcement authority Benin
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Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommend
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Admi
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References and Select Bibliography
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Kadima, Denis, (ed.), The Politics
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—‘Building Political Parties: R
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About the Authors Per Nordlund is a
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Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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