Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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52 Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy irresponsible party government, in that parties come to power on the basis of election manifestos that they have no capacity to fulfil. A final weakness of two-party systems is the obvious restrictions they impose in terms of electoral and ideological choice. While a choice between just two programmes of government was perhaps sufficient in an era of partisan alignment and class solidarity, it has become quite inadequate in a period of greater individualism and social diversity. Polarized pluralism, by contrast, exists when more marked ideological differences separate major parties, some of which adopt an anti-system stance. The strength of multiparty systems is that they create internal checks and balances within government and exhibit a bias in favour of debate, conciliation and compromise. The process of coalition formation and the dynamics of coalition maintenance ensure a broad responsiveness to voter demands that cannot but take account of competing views and contending interests. On the other hand, coalition governments may be fractured and unstable, paying greater attention to squabbles among coalition partners than to the business of government. We deal with these aspects of polarized pluralism in section 4.5 on party coalitions. Table 4.3: African multiparty systems No. Country Major political parties Party system 1 Algeria National Rally for Democracy, National Liberation Front, Movement for National Reform, Rally for Culture and Democracy, Workers’ Party, Ahd 54 2 Burkina Faso Alliance for Democracy and Federation- African Democratic Rally (12.7%), Congress for Democratic Progress (49.5%), Party for Democracy and Progress (7.5%) 3 Burundi National Council for the Defence of Democracy, Forces for the Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), Front for Democracy in Burundi (Frodebu), Union for National Progress (UPRONA), National Council for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD), Movement for the Rehabilitation of Citizens-Rurenzangemero, (MRC- Rurenzangemero), Party for National Recovery (PARENA) 4 Central African Republic National Convergence ‘Kwa Na Kwa’, Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, Central African Democratic Rally, Social Democratic Party, Patriotic Front for Progress, Alliance for Democracy and Progress, Londo Association Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system
No. Country Major political parties Party system 5 Congo Congolese Labour Party, Convention for Democracy and Salvation, United Democratic Forces, Union for Democracy and Republic, Union for Democratic Renewal, Pan-African Union for Social Democracy 6 Liberia Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia, National Patriotic Party, Unity Party, Alliance for Peace and Democracy 7 Malawi Democratic Progressive Party, Alliance for Democracy, Malawi Congress Party, Mgwirizano Coalition, National Democratic Alliance, United Democratic Front 8 Mali Hope 2002 Democracy (Rally for Mali the largest political party), Alliance for the Republic and Democracy (Alliance for Democracy in Mali the largest party) 9 Mauritius Socialist Alliance, Alliance Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), Rodrigues People’s Organization 10 Niger National Movement for Society and Development (MNDS), Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism, Democratic and Social Convention 11 Nigeria People’s Democratic Party, All Nigerian People’s Party, Alliance for Democracy 12 São Tomé and Príncipe Independent Democratic Action, Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe, Independent Democratic Action, MDFM-PCD coalition (Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party and Democratic Convergence Party–Reflection Group) 13 Senegal Coalition Sopi (Alliance of Progressive Forces and Democratic League Movement for the Labour Party), Socialist Party of Senegal, Movement for Democratic Renewal 14 Zambia Movement for Multiparty Democracy, United Party for National Development, Forum for Democracy and Development, United National Independence Party, Heritage Party International Idea Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Multiparty system Source: Mohamed Salih, M. A., African Democracies and African Politics (London: Pluto Press, 2001). 53 African Party and Electoral Systems
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No. Country Year of introduction 1
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Country Enforcement authority Benin
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Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommend
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Admi
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References and Select Bibliography
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Kadima, Denis, (ed.), The Politics
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—‘Building Political Parties: R
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About the Authors Per Nordlund is a
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