Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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0 Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy Table 3.3: Language diversity in 25 African countries Country Number of vernacular languages* 1 Angola 41 (+Portuguese) 2 Benin 54 (+French) 3 Burkina Faso 68 (+French) 4 Cameroon 279 (+ French and English) 5 Central African Republic 69 (+French) 6 Chad 132 (+French) 7 Côte d’Ivoire 79 (+French) 8 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) 214 (+French) 9 Ethiopia 84 (+English) 10 Ghana 79 (+English) 11 Kenya 61 (+English) 12 Liberia 30 (+English) 13 Malawi 14 (+English) 14 Mali 50 (+French) 15 Mozambique 43 (+Portuguese) 16 Namibia 28 (+English, German and Afrikaans) 17 Nigeria 510 (+English) 18 Senegal 36 (+French) 19 Sierra Leone 24 (+English) 20 South Africa 24 (+English/Afrikaans) 21 Sudan 134 (+Arabic and English) 22 Tanzania 127 (+English and Kswahili) 23 Uganda 41 (+English) 24 Zambia 41 (+English) 25 Zimbabwe 19 (+English) * Where one of the European languages is an official language, this is indicated in brackets. Source: Infoplease, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0855611.html, downloaded August 2006. Religion can also arouse heightened sentiments, and African political parties are directly or indirectly affected by religious diversity and use (or rather abuse) it in the bid for political mobilization and electoral success. Table 3.4 shows the religious diversity in Africa, presenting only the major religions (traditional or indigenous beliefs, Christianity and Islam, and those countries with no majority religion). In the 46 countries covered in Table 3.4, the population of 19 is predominantly Christian, in 15 it is Muslim, and in 11 the majority of the population are believers in traditional religions. Twelve countries have no majority religion, whether Christianity, Islam or a traditional religion.
Table 3.4: Religious diversity in Africa No Country Religions: share of the population International Idea 1 Benin Indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Islam 20% 2 Botswana Christian 72%, Badimo 6%, none 21% (2001) 3 Burundi Roman Catholic 62%, indigenous beliefs 23%, Islam 10% 4 Cameroon Indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Islam 20% 5 Cape Verde Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly church of the Nazarene) 6 Central African Republic Indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant and Roman Catholic (both with animist influence) 25% each, Islam 15% 7 Chad Islam 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7% 8 Comoros Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2% 9 Congo Christian 50%, animist 48%, Islam 2% 10 Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Islam 10%, other syncretism and indigenous religions 10% 11 Côte d’Ivoire Indigenous 25–40%, Islam 35–40%, Christian 20–30% 12 Djibouti Islam 94%, Christian 6% 13 Equatorial Guinea Nominally Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic), pagan practices 14 Eritrea Islam, Eritrean Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholic, Protestant 15 Ethiopia Islam 45–50%, Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity 35–40%, animist 12%, other 3% 16 Gabon Christian 55–75%, animist, Islam less than 1% 17 Gambia Islam 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% 18 Ghana Christian 63%, indigenous beliefs 21%, Islam 16% 19 Guinea Islam 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7% 20 Guinea-Bissau Indigenous beliefs 50%, Islam 45%, Christian 5% 21 Kenya Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Islam 10%, others 2% (estimates vary widely) Context
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5 5.1.1 Party structure 0 Political
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6.1 New parties—old theories? 0 P
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6.3.1 The proscription model 0 Poli
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12 13 6.3.5 The prescription model
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No. Country Year of introduction 1
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Country Enforcement authority Benin
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Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommend
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Admi
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References and Select Bibliography
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Kadima, Denis, (ed.), The Politics
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—‘Building Political Parties: R
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About the Authors Per Nordlund is a
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Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

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