Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1 Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty Democracy conclusion should be put in perspective in the light of an expanding urban population which in some cases has lost touch with its ethnic base and devoted more energy to secular party politics. 6. The weakness of African opposition parties and the inability of their leaders to aggregate interests with the governing political parties deny them the opportunity to play their oversight role. The externally-driven quest for good governance being promoted by the international financial institutions (the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (the IMF)), donors and Western democratic lobby groups has on some occasions forced opposition political parties to seek more favours from the governing political parties in return for silence. Few of the corruption or mismanagement charges brought against ministers from the governing political parties have resulted in loss of office, let alone court convictions. Despite the critique and counter-critique that we could levy against and for African political parties, they are the main democratic institutions capable of impacting on the continent’s polity and society. However, for African political parties to play their positive role, they have to build on what is uniquely African and seek bold alternatives informed by African reality. In the absence of such a vision based on what African societies could offer to promote democracy, externally-driven blueprints will always result in the status quo being maintained. Moreover, in the absence of African alternatives, the long-term prospects would be the creation of democracies without democrats at best and civil dictatorships at worst. In short, this report reflects these important issues and outlines the architecture which informs the nexus between African political parties and African democracies. Because it is a pan-African report, covering a large terrain, some aspects, naturally, are treated in less depth than others. 1 We hope that after reading this report the reader would have developed an understanding of the complex relations African political parties do endure, with a constituency divided by ethnicity, language, culture, region and class, and at the same time will better understand what African people also have to endure, having to put their faith in political parties most of which fall short of delivering on their election promises. 2.1 The structure of this report The report is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the methodology of the research in which the report is based. Chapter 2 is introductory and rather general, In 2007, IDEA will produce three sub-regional reports on political parties in Africa. The lead authors are Khabele Matlosa for Southern Africa, Michael Chege for East Africa and Said Adejumobi for West Africa.
International Idea designed to make the necessary connections between political parties and democracy and to underline the salient features of this relationship in Africa. In particular, it introduces some conclusions on the factors currently impeding the institutionalization of party-based democracy. These aspects of the report also inform the rest of the chapters and particularly the conclusions, paraphrased as recommendations. Chapter 3 is about the internal and external factors in the context of which African political parties operate. Although history is important (colonialism), the authors saw little advantage in taking a long-term historical view (a) due to space constraints and (b) because the emerging interest in grappling with the contemporary issues confronting African political parties is overwhelming, and the contemporary issues should therefore be accorded more space. Nationally, the context within which African political parties, indeed African democracy, operates is one of underdevelopment, rampant poverty, and social and political cleavages. Externally, it is a context on the one hand of global powers vying to maintain their advantages in trade and commerce and the import of cheap African primary products, and on the other of development aid, benevolence and the solidarity of NGOs. African party systems and their conjuncture—the way in which they interact— with new and emergent electoral systems for better representation are introduced in chapter 4, which also introduces Africa’s party-to-party networks and coalitions, regional and sub-regional inter-parliamentary associations, and African political parties’ integration into political party internationals. This section is particularly important in the light of the envisaged interest in strengthening African party-toparty collaboration at the regional and sub-regional levels. Chapter 5 addresses issues pertaining to African party structures and internal organization, also focusing on the role of women in politics, quotas for women, and the legal, administrative and constitutional arrangements made to strengthen women’s role in politics in general and party politics in particular. These issues are certainly embedded in the compelling debate on internal and external political party regulations in Africa. These are elaborated in chapter 6 with the contention that, while a great deal of data has been collected on some of these aspects, little is really known about what goes on inside African political parties. Still less is known about whether laws on political parties and constitutional provisions governing political party and candidate behaviour are really adhered to in practice. The relative lack of knowledge in this area may cast doubt but does not rule out the fact that some countries adhere to and respect the laws they enact. Chapter 7 consists of conclusions and recommendations. Introduction
Page 1: Political Parties in Africa: Challe
Page 4 and 5: Political Parties in Africa: Challe
Page 6 and 7: Besides this report on political pa
Page 8 and 9: 5. Party Structures and Internal Or
Page 10 and 11: 0 Chapter 1 Methodology
Page 14 and 15: Mauritius Labour Party Mauritian Mi
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 2 Introduction
Page 20 and 21: 0 Political Parties in Africa: Chal
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 3 Context
Page 26 and 27: 3.1 The internal context 3.1.1 Soci
Page 36 and 37: 3.2 The external context Political
Page 40 and 41: 0 Chapter 4 African Party and Elect
Page 52 and 53: 52 Political Parties in Africa: Cha
Page 56 and 57: No. Country Electoral system for na
Page 64 and 65: • the Pan-African Parliament; •
Page 72 and 73:
No. Country Parties 16 Associates P
Page 74 and 75:
No. Country Political party Politic
Page 76 and 77:
No. Country Political party Politic
Page 78 and 79:
Chapter 5 Party Structures and Inte
Page 80 and 81:
5 5.1.1 Party structure 0 Political
Page 82 and 83:
Political Parties in Africa: Challe
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
6 Political Parties in Africa: Chal
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Country Constitutional crisis and l
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Country Percentage of women in legi
Page 100 and 101:
00 Political Parties in Africa: Cha
Page 102 and 103:
0 Chapter 6 External Party Regulati
Page 104 and 105:
6.1 New parties—old theories? 0 P
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
6.3.1 The proscription model 0 Poli
Page 110 and 111:
12 13 6.3.5 The prescription model
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
114 Political Parties in Africa: Ch
Page 116 and 117:
116 Political Parties in Africa: Ch
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
No. Country Year of introduction 1
Page 124 and 125:
Country Enforcement authority Benin
Page 126 and 127:
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Admi
Page 134 and 135:
References and Select Bibliography
Page 136 and 137:
Kadima, Denis, (ed.), The Politics
Page 138 and 139:
—‘Building Political Parties: R
Page 140 and 141:
About the Authors Per Nordlund is a
show all

Political Parties in Africa: Challenges for Sustained Multiparty

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?