Creationism - National Center for Science Education
Creationism - National Center for Science Education Creationism - National Center for Science Education
All we can know about God’s work of creation must be supplied by God Himself in His Word. That is our only source of information regarding the fact of creation. The doctrine of creation is the major one with respect to the relation between the Christian faith and science. That is to say, once a person accepts this doctrine on faith, there are many logical consequences for his scientific attitude. [1963:86] Science cannot discover truth independently; it must begin with biblical truth. Robert J. Ream, in A Christian Approach to Science and Science Teaching (1972), agrees that the Bible must be given primacy even in science. Ream, a teacher at a Christian academy, argues against the Thomistic attempt to harmonize rationalism and revelation. Scripture is “foundational” for science; reason must become the “servant” of revelation. Truth is not religiously neutral: there is “no truth that is not Christian.” The purpose of science is to discover God’s plan of creation. Sin and death entered the world through Adam’s Fall, resulting in a deterioration of nature. This biblical view flatly contradicts evolution. “Genesis and geology, I have discovered, have exactly the same testimony,” writes Bernard Northrup (n.d. [1975]), who pastors a Redding, California church, and has also studied geology (he has led several BSA Grand Canyon tours). He first proposed his own scheme of harmonization in 1968, and has been developing it ever since. (Interestingly, Northrup’s harmonization, which involves multiple catastrophes, is significantly different than the standard Price-Morris Flood Geology model.) Northrup insists that the geological record can be fully and accurately aligned with the biblical account. But, he cautions, the harmonization must be done in this direction—i.e., science fitted to the Bible—and not vice-versa. Natural revelation (science) is a corollary—and only a corollary—to the Bible. In Does Christian Faith Depend on Scientific Fact? (1971?), Robert Whitelaw, a professor of mechanical and nuclear engineering at VPI, strongly rebutted the argument that Christian faith cannot be destroyed by science. Taking a strong fundamentalist approach, he insisted that any fact of science could indeed falsify the Bible. The Bible must be rejected if any fact or event in it is false. Christianity is built on facts, he asserts; it is scientific. “In short, Christian faith is rooted in actions that are reported in a Biblical record that satisfies all the canons of scientific evidence.” If the fact of Adam and Eve’s literal creation and existence, or Noah’s Flood, or any other statement in the Bible is denied, then so too is the Resurrection. From this it follows that all new findings or theories mut be scrutinized in light of the Bible; if they do not conform to Scripture, they must be rejected. Evolutions fails. One of the authors of the 1986 ASA booklet Teaching Science in a Climate of Controversy is John L. Wiester, who has a business degree from Stanford, where he taught historical geology. Now owner of a cattle ranch in California, he was president of a company making equipment for the nuclear and aerospace industries. The ASA booklet incorporates much material from Wiester’s earlier book The Genesis Connection (1983). Wiester was converted recently to Christianity by his wife. In his book he acknowledges the assistance of Preston Cloud, UC Santa Barbara paleontologist. (Cloud, who has debated creationists, has since written his own, purely naturalistic account of earth history, Oasis in Space). Wiester insists that science armonizes perfectly with the Bible. He accepts the entire volutionary chronology of the universe and the earth, dopting a Day-Age interpretation, and convincingly explains ating methods which prove the earth is ancient, but argues hat certain events are explainable only as creative acts by God.
“Each creation command in Genesis correlates with a cientific puzzle or gap.” Genesis contains a “step-by-step ccount of changes that God made in the geologic and biologic forms on the earth” to fulfill God’s plan, but it does not describe how these changes occurred. Other than he specific acts of creation declared by Genesis, these hanges may have occurred via evolution. The question is not creation versus evolution. The real question, the truly vital issue is Creator versus nocreator. We owe our existence either to the creative acts of God or to random chance. [1983:13] Science is moving ever closer to the “unchanging biblical pattern,” Wiester says; the theory of punctuated equilibrium especially brings science “remarkably close to the biblical view.” His unashamed espousal of a God-of-the-gaps view is curious, since such a view is generally felt to be antamount to conceding the superiority of science over eligion. This bothers Wiester not at all. The truth of reation and of Christianity for him is “presuppositional” and thus not subject to falsification by science. Christianity presupposes God is true. Thus Christians should not expect science to prove God or to give answers to the meaning and purpose of life. To expect science to answer such questions would make God and phenemona subject to the limitations of the human mind. We should expect, however, that as science accurately explores the wondrous mysteries of God’s creation, ultimately the weight of evidence will be in harmony with Scripture. The results and phenomena of creation which are all around us will force us to face the reality of creation. [1983:36] Science does not support the “chance,” “mechanistic” origin of life, and the lack of transitional forms in the fossil record (such as in the transition to multi-cellular forms) refutes Darwinian evolution. The public is being “duped” by a “hominid hoax”: the claim, that is, that humans are descended from fossil hominids. NOMOTHETIC CREATION AND FINAL VS. SECONDARY CAUSATION George Fairholme, the Scriptural Geologist, had insisted in 1833 that contemporary geological theorists erred by addressing only “secondary causes,” and he criticized Lyell’s uniformitarian theory as a prime example of this unfortunate obsession by theoretical scientists with secondary causes. This criticism illustrates a major difference in outlook between creationists and proponents of modern, positivist science. 23 By Darwin’s time, many scientists, such as Lyell, were already “proto-positivists”who concentrated on secondary causes in their scientific explanations. Geology was the first science to largely abandon theologically-based explanations and rely on positivist explanations (except in theoretical works and works intended for the public) (Gillespie 1979:11). Even Edward Hitchcock, the distinguished Amherst College geologist and harmonizer of the Bible with science, though he defended biblical special creation, explained that the geological record was the result of secondary causes (1851). Until Darwin’s time, science was based on a markedly religious conception, and this religious basis was inextricably woven into the fabric of science. Darwin, argues 23 This is an aspect of Bacon not emulated by creationists. Bacon had argued that it was through study of these secondary causes that his new method of science could result in the mastery of nature for the benefit of man, rather than the medieval tradition of study of nature primarily for the moral lessons it was held to provide (Toulmin and Goodfield 1965:107-109).
- Page 61 and 62: Evolution is purely speculation. It
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- Page 71 and 72: instance, features Lammerts; it con
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- Page 77 and 78: THE BIBLE-SCIENCE ASSOCIATION The B
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- Page 81 and 82: California Public Schools (Segraves
- Page 83 and 84: Henry Morris had a successful caree
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- Page 87 and 88: and creationist thought. Interestin
- Page 89 and 90: Lubenow and said, “You’re a Chr
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- Page 99 and 100: Assuming that present-day scientifi
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- Page 105 and 106: in the series did. Rev. Henry Beach
- Page 107 and 108: Materialism and Evolution (1932) is
- Page 109 and 110: (1984), he says: “The Bible is in
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- Page 123 and 124: If the Bible and Christ and Christi
- Page 125 and 126: Jesus was either a “lunatic or th
- Page 127 and 128: EVOLUTION AS MAN’S ESCAPE FROM GO
- Page 129 and 130: Design, according to fundamentalist
- Page 131 and 132: disease, death, and decay all origi
- Page 133 and 134: “If God had not given each specie
- Page 135 and 136: In a book on astronomy, John Whitco
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- Page 139 and 140: member. In the 1920s, Aimee Semple
- Page 141 and 142: James Kennedy, pastor of Coral Ridg
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- Page 145 and 146: In the second half of his book O’
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- Page 149 and 150: never heard of Marra before, but I
- Page 151 and 152: accuse him, as already noted, of fo
- Page 153 and 154: Jay Sekulow is a lawyer who represe
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All we can know about God’s work of creation must be supplied by God Himself in His Word. That is our<br />
only source of in<strong>for</strong>mation regarding the fact of creation. The doctrine of creation is the major one with<br />
respect to the relation between the Christian faith and science. That is to say, once a person accepts this<br />
doctrine on faith, there are many logical consequences <strong>for</strong> his scientific attitude. [1963:86]<br />
<strong>Science</strong> cannot discover truth independently; it must begin with biblical truth.<br />
Robert J. Ream, in A Christian Approach to <strong>Science</strong> and <strong>Science</strong> Teaching<br />
(1972), agrees that the Bible must be given primacy even in science. Ream, a teacher at a<br />
Christian academy, argues against the Thomistic attempt to harmonize rationalism and<br />
revelation. Scripture is “foundational” <strong>for</strong> science; reason must become the “servant” of<br />
revelation. Truth is not religiously neutral: there is “no truth that is not Christian.” The<br />
purpose of science is to discover God’s plan of creation. Sin and death entered the world<br />
through Adam’s Fall, resulting in a deterioration of nature. This biblical view flatly<br />
contradicts evolution.<br />
“Genesis and geology, I have discovered, have exactly the same testimony,”<br />
writes Bernard Northrup (n.d. [1975]), who pastors a Redding, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia church, and has<br />
also studied geology (he has led several BSA Grand Canyon tours). He first proposed his<br />
own scheme of harmonization in 1968, and has been developing it ever since.<br />
(Interestingly, Northrup’s harmonization, which involves multiple catastrophes, is<br />
significantly different than the standard Price-Morris Flood Geology model.) Northrup<br />
insists that the geological record can be fully and accurately aligned with the biblical<br />
account. But, he cautions, the harmonization must be done in this direction—i.e., science<br />
fitted to the Bible—and not vice-versa. Natural revelation (science) is a corollary—and<br />
only a corollary—to the Bible.<br />
In Does Christian Faith Depend on Scientific Fact? (1971?), Robert Whitelaw, a<br />
professor of mechanical and nuclear engineering at VPI, strongly rebutted the argument<br />
that Christian faith cannot be destroyed by science. Taking a strong fundamentalist<br />
approach, he insisted that any fact of science could indeed falsify the Bible. The Bible<br />
must be rejected if any fact or event in it is false. Christianity is built on facts, he asserts;<br />
it is scientific. “In short, Christian faith is rooted in actions that are reported in a Biblical<br />
record that satisfies all the canons of scientific evidence.” If the fact of Adam and Eve’s<br />
literal creation and existence, or Noah’s Flood, or any other statement in the Bible is<br />
denied, then so too is the Resurrection. From this it follows that all new findings or<br />
theories mut be scrutinized in light of the Bible; if they do not con<strong>for</strong>m to Scripture, they<br />
must be rejected. Evolutions fails.<br />
One of the authors of the 1986 ASA booklet Teaching <strong>Science</strong> in a Climate of<br />
Controversy is John L. Wiester, who has a business degree from Stan<strong>for</strong>d, where he<br />
taught historical geology. Now owner of a cattle ranch in Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, he was president of<br />
a company making equipment <strong>for</strong> the nuclear and aerospace industries. The ASA booklet<br />
incorporates much material from Wiester’s earlier book The Genesis Connection (1983).<br />
Wiester was converted recently to Christianity by his wife. In his book he acknowledges<br />
the assistance of Preston Cloud, UC Santa Barbara paleontologist. (Cloud, who has<br />
debated creationists, has since written his own, purely naturalistic account of earth<br />
history, Oasis in Space). Wiester insists that science armonizes perfectly with the Bible.<br />
He accepts the entire volutionary chronology of the universe and the earth, dopting a<br />
Day-Age interpretation, and convincingly explains ating methods which prove the earth<br />
is ancient, but argues hat certain events are explainable only as creative acts by God.