AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE - Royal Australian Navy

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
212

ACKNO
Acknowledgements
The content of the first edition of Australian Maritime Doctrine was
primarily the work of the then Director of the Sea Power Centre - Australia
(SPC-A), Captain (later Rear Admiral) James Goldrick. His groundbreaking
and thorough explanation of the Royal Australian Navy’s unique role in
national security has largely stood the test of time and remains central to
this edition. When considering the revised text, Rear Admiral Goldrick’s
contribution to the Navy’s intellectual development should never stray far
from the reader’s mind.
The second edition of Australian Maritime Doctrine has again involved its
circulation in draft form both inside and outside the RAN. The final text
has been much improved by the criticism and commentary which the
various drafts received. While any errors or omissions are entirely the
responsibility of the SPC-A, some of the best elements of this book owe
much to the various organisations and individuals who generously made
their time and expertise available.
Except where noted, all images were sourced from within Defence.
Figures and maps developed specifically for this doctrine were created by
DesignEmergency. The document was edited and typeset by SPC-A staff.
213

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
214

INDEX
Index
A
access 88, 111, 181
acoustic signature 134,
140
adaptability 89, 169
Adelaide (I), HMAS 65
Adelaide (II), HMAS 76, 89
Adelaide class 138
Adriatic Sea 81
advance force operations
104, 181
AE2, HMAS 102
Aegis 81
Afghanistan 90
afloat support 142, 166
aim 62, 157, 181
air battle 78, 146
airborne early warning and
control (AEW&C)
aircraft 86, 100, 107,
133, 144, 146, 182
air campaign 82, 155
air control 146, 147
air cover 146
aircraft 9, 19, 71, 75, 76,
82, 93, 110, 127, 133,
136, 140, 146-7, 163,
174
AEW&C (see airborne early
warning and control
aircraft)
attack 102
combat 91
fighter 107, 144, 146
fixed-wing 106, 146,
149, 156
land-based 146
maritime patrol (see
maritime patrol
aircraft)
multi-role 162
strike 144
tilt-rotor 78
aircraft carriers 73, 82,
144, 175
air defence 146-7, 175
air forces 1, 67, 75, 86,
90, 106, 114, 136, 144,
155, 170
air lift 93
air-mobile forces 93
air picture 146
air power 28, 48, 74, 82,
85, 86, 88, 92, 108,
112, 127, 135, 141, 144,
147, 162, 163, 176
airspace 72, 88, 120
air superiority 142, 182
air support 159, 182
air tasking 146
air-to-air refuelling 93, 146
air traffic control 142
air warfare 82, 85, 107,
110, 139, 146-7, 158,
163
Al Faw peninsula 107
Allies, the 63, 64, 67, 74,
101, 170
215

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
216
Allied Tactical Publication 1
Ambon 96
amphibious
assault 56, 63, 73, 91,
108, 182
demonstration 108, 182
forces 75, 81, 88, 104,
106, 107-9, 112, 138,
141-2, 150, 158, 162,
176, 182
operations 63, 86, 107-9,
111, 141-2, 144, 145,
168, 176, 182
raid 107, 182
ready group (ARG) 76,
78, 107, 182
ships 135, 138, 147
task force 182
transports 76, 142, 158
withdrawal 108, 183
Antarctic 34, 144
anti-submarine warfare
(ASW) 139, 149-50,
162, 183
Anzac class, frigate 138
Anzac Field Hospital 110
ANZUS, treaty 3, 34
Arabian Gulf 21, 128, 156
archipelagic sea lanes 33,
183
archipelagic waters 33, 183
archipelagos 19, 20, 21,
183
area defence 146-7, 183
area of interest 159, 183
area of operations 62, 91,
134, 163, 167, 168, 170
armed conflict 59-68, 184
armed forces 68, 80
Armidale class, patrol boats
143
armies 1
Arunta (I), HMAS 64
Arunta (II), HMAS 113
Asia-Pacific region 41, 42,
47
asymmetric threats 68, 71,
173, 184
Atlantic 103
attrition 94, 184
Australia (I), HMAS 42, 74
Australia (II), HMAS 91
Australian
allied nations 41, 82,
133, 142, 155, 168,
178
amphibious capability
139
amphibious operations
76, 107, 109
approaches 46
area of charting
responsibility 143-4
attacks on 23, 46
combat forces 175
combat power 178
Constitution 31, 42
defence 39-48, 159, 178
economy 24-6, 41, 42,
43, 48, 105, 114, 159
forces 44-6, 77
foreign policy 42, 44
government 42, 47, 81,
88, 112, 116, 117, 125,
138, 167
history 42, 44-6
industry 43, 125, 178
interests 39, 48, 51

jurisdiction 32, 113, 114,
116
maritime defences 159
maritime domain 143
maritime strategic
requirements 81-2
merchant fleet 131
military operations 94
nationals 89, 112
navy 129
offshore territories 46
parliament 31, 42
political system 42
population 27, 42, 43
resources 34, 46
response options 81, 88
seaborne communications
23-6, 179
sea power 123
soldiers 170
sovereignty 48
strategic geography 19-
24, 42
warships 114, 138-44,
169
WWII role 159
Australian and New Zealand
Army Corps (ANZAC)
64
Australian Army 4, 76, 82,
96, 128, 138, 142
Australian Customs and
Border Protection
Service 53, 116
Australian Defence Doctrine
Publication (ADDP) 4,
6
Australian Defence Force
(ADF) 3, 6, 39, 42,
46, 51, 53, 61, 62, 63,
76, 77, 81, 94, 106,
110, 112, 116, 133,
136, 137-50, 155-70,
175, 177
Australian Defence
Organisation 125
Australian Federal Police
116
Australian Fisheries
Management Authority
53
Australian Fleet Tactical
Instructions (AFTI) 4
Australian Imperial Force
62
Australian Maritime
Doctrine and Fighting
Instructions 4
Australian Maritime Tactical
Instructions 4
Australian Naval and Military
Expeditionary Force
(ANMEF) 42
Australian Ocean Data Joint
Facility 144
Australian Quarantine
Inspection Service
53
Australian Squadron 12
B
balanced fleet 68, 184
balanced force 51, 68, 136,
137, 184
Bali 96
Balikpapan 96
Banda Aceh 110
Bartolomeo Colleoni, Italian
cruiser 157
bases 86, 88, 90, 93, 95,
128, 131, 137, 142, 145,
INDEX
217

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
218
146, 162, 163, 165, 167,
168
Bateman, Commodore Sam
5
bathymetry 161
battle 94
battlespace 184
battle damage repair 141
battlespace awareness 95,
99, 133-6, 159, 174,
184
battlespace dominance 72,
79, 85, 95, 100, 168,
185
battlespace management
78, 81
benign activities 89, 109,
110
benign environment 14
biodiversity 28
Bismarck Sea, Battle of the
74
blockades 36, 73, 92, 103,
116, 140, 185
block obsolescence 174
blue water 19, 20, 79, 80,
90
boarding parties 21, 145
bombardment 107
Booth, Ken 5, 99
Border Protection Command
(BPC) 53
Borneo 46, 63, 109, 136
Bougainville 91
Brisbane 114
Brisbane (II), HMAS 175
Britain 71, 74
Broome 25
brown water 19, 20
Brunei 96
C
campaigns 1, 61, 92, 102,
105, 107, 127, 128, 155-
70, 185
commander 162
decisive points 158
operational considerations
159-66
planning 155-7, 158,
162, 164
preparations 166
tempo 157-8
Canada 81
Canberra (I), HMAS 101
Canberra (II), HMAS 21
Canberra class, LHD 141
capabilities 81, 137-45
Cape Spada, Battle of 157
Castex, Admiral Raoul 4
casualties 53, 54, 63, 64,
67, 77, 91
Central Pacific 108
centre of gravity 94, 161,
185
chartered shipping 131
Chief of Joint Operations
61, 133, 155, 167
Chief of Navy 123, 125
Chief of the Defence Force
133
China 26
choke points 78, 103, 145
Clausewitz, Carl von 71
clearance divers 118, 153,
185

clearance diving teams
111, 128, 141
climate 21
climate change 41
close blockade 103, 186
close escort 105, 186
coalition 63, 77, 81, 107,
133, 156
building 80
forces 3, 37, 92, 94, 107,
130
headquarters 152, 155
management 152
operations 14, 56, 136,
186
Coastal States 27, 33, 186
coastline 23, 27
Coastwatch 116
Cocos Islands 62
codes 151
coercion 73, 112, 119, 140,
186
cohesion 14, 15, 158
Cold War 5, 78
collective security 80
Collins, Vice Admiral Sir John
12, 157
Collins class, submarines
139
Colvin, Admiral Sir Ragnar
12
combat 2, 10, 12, 14, 29,
35, 60, 61, 64, 78, 80,
128, 186
capabilities 173
data systems 146
environments 101
fatigue 15, 186
forces 126, 178
influence 62
information 135, 186
logistic ships 142, 147
power 9, 66, 72, 86, 112,
133, 158, 168, 170
preparedness 9
shipping 102
support 93
training 14
combat air patrols (CAP)
146, 186
combined forces 136, 152,
159
combined operations 3,
109, 157, 161, 187
command 1, 136, 287
levels 3, 61-2
command and control (C2)
85, 114, 133-5, 156,
157, 158, 167, 168, 170,
171, 175, 177, 187
Commander Australian Fleet
(COMAUSFLT) 123
commanders 1, 12, 13,
14, 37, 60, 61, 66, 72,
92, 126, 134, 135, 155,
156, 158
commander’s intent 133,
157
command of the sea 71-2,
76, 79, 187
Commonwealth 4, 31, 136
Commonwealth Naval Forces
31
communications 1, 23-4,
88, 112, 134, 140, 159-
61, 170
communications bandwidth
134, 135
INDEX
219

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
220
concentration of force 64,
103, 104, 168
concerted multinational
operation 164, 187
conflict 1, 2, 19, 36, 46,
51, 53, 56, 59, 72, 75,
88, 92, 97, 101, 105,
117, 136, 143, 170, 188
Confrontation 136
constabulary operations
113-21, 188
constabulary role 99, 113-
20
containment 74, 103, 188
containment by distraction
103, 188
contiguous zone (CZ) 33,
188
continental mechanised
warfare 62
continental shelf (CS) 34,
189
control 133, 146, 189
convoy 14, 44, 45, 62, 67,
74, 104, 189
cooperation 10, 63, 80,
152
Cooperative Engagement
Capability (CEC) 146,
147
coordinated multinational
operation 3, 189
Coral Sea, Battle of the 73
Corbett, Sir Julian 4, 72
Cosgrove, Major General
Peter 128
counter air operations 107,
146, 189
counter-piracy 47, 116, 189
counterterrorism 47, 116,
189
courage 15, 16
cover 101, 104, 105, 150,
190
covering forces 101, 190
covert 19, 86, 88, 90, 107,
108, 134, 140, 150, 153
craft of opportunity 140
Crete 67, 77
crises 46, 75, 80, 88, 89,
97, 109, 112, 117, 119,
138, 166, 190
critical vulnerability 94,
103, 158, 159
Cunningham, Admiral Sir
Andrew 77
customary international law
34, 190
Cyclone Tracy 87
D
damage 91, 141, 161
damage control 190
Dampier 24
danger 59
Dardanelles 64
Darwin 25, 87
Darwin, HMAS 167
data links 159, 190
deception 190
decision making cycle 94,
156, 157
decisive points 156, 158,
191
decisive result 64
defects 91

defence 76, 85, 140, 146,
147
Defence Force Aid to Civilian
Authorities 116
Defence Force Assistance
to Allied and Friendly
Nations 110
defence in depth 103, 191
Defence Output 125
defended area 103
demonstration 111, 191
deny/denial 72, 103, 107,
191
deployment 14, 166, 167-8
Derwent, HMAS 90
destroyers 133, 139, 191
deterrence 46, 101, 112,
136, 139, 150, 191
Dili 76, 96, 101
diplomacy 94, 118, 119
diplomatic role 99, 109-12
disaster relief 47, 53, 68,
110
discipline 10
distance 23, 44, 86, 90,
92, 93, 94, 159, 161
distant blockade 103, 191
distant escort 105, 191
distinction 35
distraction 103, 108, 192
distributed operations 107,
192
doctrine 62, 66, 123, 175,
192
application 3, 4
capstone 3, 4, 6, 185
innovation 178
international 1
Japanese 159
maritime 1-6, 9
military 1
operating 137
philosophical 3, 4
procedural 3, 4
domestic law 113, 116, 143
drug smuggling/interdiction
27, 116
E
East Asia 26
Eastern Mediterranean 170
East Timor 34, 41, 46, 54,
78, 81, 128, 152, 167
ecology 28
economic interdependence
26, 68
economic sanctions 21, 53,
56, 76, 92, 119, 120
economic survival 105
economy of effort 64, 65
education 9, 175
electromagnetic spectrum
72, 135
electronic decoys 147
electronic warfare (EW)
82, 192
embargo 192
Emden, SMS 62
end state 61, 62, 95, 155,
156, 161, 167, 192
endurance 20, 66, 90, 127,
139, 142, 169, 192
energy security 26, 41
engagement 81, 114,
engagement range 159
enhanced force 173
INDEX
221

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
222
environmental and resource
management and
protection 114
environmental understanding
28-9, 149, 150, 161
escalation/de-escalation
88, 101, 170, 192
escort 104, 105, 162, 192
ethos 9
Europe 82, 83
evacuation 47, 111-2
exchange postings 152
exclusion zones 75, 193
exclusive economic zone
(EEZ) 26, 33, 34,
193
exercises 60, 80, 87, 110,
111
combined 75
multinational 3, 82, 130,
152
passage 152
programs 166
PSI 120
existing force 173
expeditionary
forces 83, 138, 193
operations 44, 75, 92,
193
warfare 79
explosive ordnance 141
exports 23, 24-6
F
Farncomb, Rear Admiral
Harold 12
fatigue 10, 15, 101, 158,
161, 163, 169
fear 10, 59
fibre-optic submarine cables
24
fighter control 175
Fighting Instructions 3
Fiji 89, 112
firepower 42, 64
fire support 107, 193
fishing/fisheries 24, 26, 28,
34, 114, 136, 140
Five Power Defence
Arrangements 3
Fleet Air Arm 123
Fleet Base West 113
Fleet Command 123
fleet in being 74, 193
fleet tanker 142
flexibility 66, 81, 88, 108,
110, 139, 152, 156, 157,
160, 165, 169, 175, 177
focal area 103, 145, 193
fog of war 60, 193
force 75, 111
force development 174
force elements 101
force generation 166, 167,
193
force in being 74, 95, 194
force multiplier 127, 142,
194
force networking 78, 176
force protection 168, 194
foreign policy 109
forward presence 194
forward support 161
Foundations of Australian
Military Doctrine 6
France 34, 71

freedom of action 64, 72,
81, 95, 157, 158, 163,
168
freedom of decision 109
freedom of navigation
operations 194
Freedom of the Seas 31,
194
Fremantle 21
friction 59, 66, 194
frigate 133, 138, 139, 194
from the sea 75, 97, 102,
106-8, 125
fuel 90, 126, 127, 128,
129-30, 142, 162, 165
full command 123, 195
future capability 9
future directions 68
future force 173
G
Gallipoli 42, 44, 64, 102,
170
Gayundah, HMAS 114
Geneva Conventions 34, 36
Geneva Law 34
geography 103, 158
geospatial support teams
111
German East Asiatic Cruiser
Squadron 42
German Navy 74
German New Guinea 42
Germany 74, 103
globalisation 26, 40, 41, 68
Global Maritime Partnership
79
global security 48
Goldrick, Rear Admiral James
5
good order at sea 80
Gorshkov, Admiral Sergei 4
government 4
Grand Fleet 74
Gray, Colin 5
Greece 67, 77
green water 19, 20
ground attack 142
ground-based air defence
142, 145, 147
group 104, 195
Grove, Eric 5, 99
Guadalcanal 10-1
guerre de course 104, 195
Gulf of Aden 117
Gulf of Athens 157
Gulf War, 1991 55, 68, 145,
156, 175
gunboat diplomacy 195
H
Hague Conventions 34, 36
Hague Law 34
hard kill 146, 195
harmonisation (of ROE)
195
Hattendorf, John 5
hazards 10
headquarters 133, 134,
152, 168, 170
Headquarters Joint
Operations Command
133, 155
Heard Island 21
heavy landing craft 138
INDEX
223

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
224
helicopters 78, 100, 110,
112, 118, 142, 147, 156,
162, 167, 176
army 144, 145
combat 82, 102, 107,
138, 144, 149, 150
utility 107, 144
High Sea Fleet 74
high seas 33, 114, 116, 195
high value units 104, 150
Hobart class, destroyer
148, 174
honesty 15
Honiara 119
honour 15
host nation 129, 195
hot pursuit 116
humanitarian assistance
93, 110
humanity 35
human network 152, 196
Hussein, Saddam, President
of Iraq 1979-2003 92
hydrographic ships 111,
143
hydrography 29, 141, 142,
143, 161, 196
I
illegal fishing 21, 53, 114
illegal immigration 27, 53,
68, 116
imports 23, 24-6
Indian Ocean 20, 23, 90,
110, 114, 115
indirectness 92
Indonesia 34, 41, 110, 136,
167
Indonesian archipelago 23
industry 63, 125, 178
influence 82
information 133, 135
exchange 152, 174
flow 159
management 133
security 135
systems 173
technology 135, 175
vulnerability 41
infra-red signature 134
infrastructure 39, 43, 178,
196
initiative 63, 97, 100, 157,
175
innocent passage 33, 196
insurgency 196
integrated force 176-7
integrity 15, 16
intelligence 99-100, 110,
135, 136, 139, 158,
159, 161, 166, 168
interdiction 66, 90, 102,
145, 196
internal waters 33, 88, 196
International Coalition Against
Terrorism 56
international engagement
80
International Force East
Timor (INTERFET)
101, 128, 152, 167
international law 33, 34,
36, 62, 79, 113, 114,
150
international straits 33,
196

interoperability 79, 151-2,
196
intervention 81, 101, 119,
138, 197
Iraq 53, 56, 92, 128, 151,
156
Iraq War, 2003 3, 37, 55,
56, 68, 92, 107, 145,
163
Iran-Iraq War 68
Iron Bottom Sound 101
Italy 14
J
Japan 26, 63, 64, 65, 67,
73, 74, 91, 96, 101,
159, 170
Java 96
Jervis Bay (II), HMAS 93,
167
Jindalee Over-the-Horizon
Radar 134
joint 197
commander 157
concept 97
effects 85
force 136, 146, 159, 166,
197
operations 1, 2, 9, 14,
77, 111, 141-2, 146,
157
systems 177
Joint Force Area of Operations
161, 163, 197
Joint Operations Command
123, 133
Joint Task Forces 133, 197
Jutland, Battle of 94
K
Kanimbla (II), HMAS 76,
110, 112
Kendari 96
knowledge 76, 174, 175
knowledge dominance 175
Korean War 35, 46, 144
Kormoran, HSK 65
Kupang 96
Kuwait 128
L
land-air battle 78
land attack 168
land battle 78
land campaign 155
land forces 28, 44, 48, 75,
85, 86, 88, 90, 101,
106, 107, 108, 112, 127,
135, 141, 143, 145, 147,
155, 162-3, 170, 176
landing craft 110, 145,
162, 165, 176
landing force 142, 197
land strike 106
land warfare 4, 78, 85
Laser Airborne Depth Sounder
(LADS) 143
latent capabilities 28, 197
Lautoka 89
Law of Armed Conflict 31,
34-6, 37, 197
Law of Naval Warfare 36
layered defence 104, 146,
150, 197
leadership 10, 11, 12, 59,
64
lead nation 81
INDEX
225

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
226
levels of conflict 99, 197
leverage 168, 198
Leyte Gulf 64
Libya 67
lift 81, 86, 198
limited war 198
lines of communication 77-
8, 107, 198
Lingayen Gulf, Battle of 91
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
26, 27
littoral 19, 20, 76, 107, 147,
149, 198
littoral manoeuvre 97, 107,
198
logistics 2, 43, 73, 90, 102,
107, 110, 118, 119, 123,
137, 142, 157, 163, 165-
6, 167, 198
logistics over the shore
operation 163, 198
Logistic Support Element
(LSE) 128, 165
Lorne 116
loyalty 15, 16
M
magnetic signature 134,
140
Mahan, Rear Admiral Alfred
Thayer 4, 71, 72
mandate 198
maintenance 2, 87, 126-30,
137, 165-6, 169
Makassar 96
Malacca Strait 136
Malaya 46
Malaysia 3, 136, 170
Manoora (II), HMAS 76,
119
manoeuvre/manoeuvre
warfare 1, 63, 94,
96, 97, 102, 106, 107,
134, 163, 168, 198
manoeuvrist 94, 168, 199
Manual of Navigation 2
marine science 48
maritime
affairs 6
air support 159, 168
air warfare 146
barrier operations 116
campaign 71, 155
campaigning 155-70
combat 99, 173, 174
domain 26, 143, 199
domain awareness 79,
199
dominance 71
environment 117
forces 21, 28, 33, 34,
68, 73, 81, 85, 86, 97,
99, 102, 107, 108, 109,
112, 116, 119, 129,
130, 133, 136, 137,
157, 164, 166, 167,
168, 199
geospatial information
29, 143-4, 199
infiltration 66
information systems 160
interception 53
interdependence 81
logistics 126-31
manoeuvre 107
mobility 106
operating areas 163

operational concepts 85-
97
operations 1, 12, 71, 85,
95, 99-121, 129, 133,
135, 136, 145, 147,
155-70, 175, 199
power 156
power projection 75-6,
79, 81, 102, 119, 176,
199
quarantine enforcement
27
reconnaissance 199
regions 34
roles 99
security 79
strategic concepts 68,
71-82
strategic thought 71
strategists 4, 71, 72, 73,
76, 99
strategy 5, 48, 71, 78,
79, 103, 104, 199
strength 74, 170
strike 102
superiority 44, 46, 83,
200
support 163
tasks 99, 100, 133, 139
terrorism 150
trade 104
units 100
warfare 62, 69, 71, 85,
94-7, 144, 173
zones 31-4
maritime-littoral 27, 97
maritime patrol aircraft (MPA)
100, 102, 116, 144,
150, 162, 199
Marmara, Sea of 102
McCaffrie, Commodore Jack
5
McDonald Islands 21
media 62
medical treatment 131
Mediterranean 14, 67
Mediterranean Fleet 77
medium power 1, 129, 178
Melbourne (I), HMAS 62
Melbourne (II), HMAS 90
Melville, HMAS 111
Menado 96
merchant ships 104, 105,
116, 131, 166, 200
meteorology 29, 144, 161
Middle East 26, 46, 63, 81,
117
military
assistance 116
capability 39
contingencies 47-8, 51
doctrine 1, 94
forces 1, 63, 97, 119,
155
functions 99
necessity 35
objectives 94
operations 47, 64, 113
planning 140
power 41, 140, 168
role 99-108
strategic level 61
strategic policy 39
strategy 66, 200
Milne Bay 67
mine clearance 53, 117,
141
INDEX
227

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
228
mine countermeasures (MCM)
104, 150, 200
minehunters 140
minesweeping 140
mine warfare 95, 102, 103,
104, 107, 140-1, 142,
149-51, 165
Mine Warfare Command
Support System 141
mission 11, 136, 157, 163,
200
essential units 150, 200
objectives 133
readiness 14-15
mobility 64, 90, 107, 157,
200
mobility in mass 78, 86, 93
morale 10, 64, 66, 67, 131
N
Napier, HMAS 77
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
3
national
economy 125
industry 178
intent 43
interests 23, 39, 113,
200
objectives 39, 152
policies 164
power 4, 39, 71, 155
research 178
security 39, 200
sovereignty 112
strategic end state 155
strategic level 61
naval
aviation 35
combat 139
diplomacy 46, 109, 200
forces 19, 28, 71, 78, 81,
82, 107, 110, 111, 114,
117, 118, 129, 133,
135, 136, 144, 145,
155, 156, 159, 161-2,
165, 168, 169, 170,
173, 201
Naval Component Commander
(NCC) 152
Naval Cooperation and
Guidance for Shipping
(NCAGS) 104-5, 200
naval gunfire support (NGS)
66, 107, 163, 201
naval surface fire support
201
Naval War Manual 4
navies 1, 76, 80, 85, 86,
92, 107, 109, 116, 117,
125, 127, 129, 130, 151,
173, 178
Navies and Foreign Policy
99
navigation 2, 28
Navy Strategic Command
(NSC) 123
networks 82, 85, 107, 133-
4, 146, 152, 159, 173,
174, 176, 177
New Caledonia 65
Newcastle, HMAS 112
New Guinea 46, 63, 67, 73,
74, 159
New Zealand 3, 23, 34, 41,
77
Nizam, HMAS 77

normal mode (of operation)
33, 201
Normandy 108
North Africa 44
North Asia 26
Northern Arabian Gulf (NAG)
56, 62, 107, 169
North Korea 35, 116
North Sea 74
North West Shelf 26
Norway 34
O
objective 1, 35, 39, 40,
54, 61, 64, 71, 76, 94,
107, 108, 110, 133, 152,
155, 156, 161, 167, 201
oceanography 19, 29, 103,
144
offence 76, 85, 140
offensive action 63, 64, 89
officer in tactical command
(OTC) 201
offshore industry (oil and gas)
26, 114, 116
operating environment
104, 135, 136, 161
operational
achievement 9
aim 102, 126
area 14, 86, 127, 131,
163, 166
art 155, 201
capability 13
command 62, 76, 94,
157, 158, 163, 201
concept 95
control 202
design 155
INDEX
flexibility 20
intelligence 159
level of conflict 3, 4, 76,
95, 102, 123, 133, 134,
135, 164, 202
objectives 156, 202
performance 165
picture 133
plans 66, 92, 157
tempo 156
ways 155
Operations (ADDP 3.0) 4
operations 201
ADF 133, 166
advance force 104, 108
air 107, 162, 168, 176
amphibious (see
amphibious operations)
barrier 103
coalition 14, 77, 136
coastal 2
combat 80, 99-108, 128
combined (see combined
operations)
constabulary (see
constabulary
operations)
counter air 107, 146
covert 153, 190
diplomatic 109-12
distributed 107
embargo 90, 103
enablers 177
enabling 168
expeditionary (see
expeditionary
operations)
humanitarian 47, 80, 93,
110
information 135
229

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
230
joint (see joint operations)
land 107, 168, 176
littoral 19
low intensity 54
maritime (see maritime
operations)
maritime barrier 116
military (see military
operations)
minewarfare 140, 153
multinational 3, 151, 164
naval 116
peace 80, 117-9
peacetime 9, 13, 14,
51-3
power projection (see
power projection
operations)
protective 111, 150
psychological 101, 204
reconnaissance 153
salvage 153
sea control 166, 168
shaping 109
unrestricted 104
warlike 51, 54-6
Operations, named
ANODE 53
ASTUTE 76
BASTILLE 56
CATALYST 54, 56
CELESTA 53
DAMASK 53, 55, 56, 156
DIRK 53
FALCONER 55, 56, 128
GEMSBOK 53
LILLIPUT 67
MISTRAL 53
MORRIS DANCE 89
NAVY HELP DARWIN 87
PADANG ASSIST 53
QUICKSTEP 112
RELEX I 53
RELEX II 53
RENDER SAFE 111
RESOLUTE 53
SAMOA ASSIST 53
SLIPPER 21, 53, 56
SPITFIRE 167
STABILISE 54, 128, 152,
167
STANHOPE 53
SUMATRA ASSIST 110
SUTTON 21, 53
TEEBONE 53
operations other than war
51, 53
organic 86, 103, 159, 162,
202
Oro Bay 67
over-the-horizon 85, 86,
100, 176
overt operations 88, 202
overt presence 3
P
Pacific Island Nations 33,
111
Pacific Ocean 20, 23, 114
Pacific War 159
Palembang 96
Papua New Guinea 34, 41
Parker, Commodore Vernon
5
patrol combatants 143
Patrol Force 123
patrols 10, 19, 48, 136,
143
peacebuilding 117, 202

peace enforcement 119,
203
peacekeeping 53, 76, 118,
119, 203
peacemaking 119, 203
peace operations 117-9,
203
people 9-17, 137
people smuggling 68
Percival, Commander Chris
128
persistence 86, 90, 92,
108, 110
personnel exchange 80
Perth (I), HMAS 77
Perth (II), HMAS 90
Perth class, guided missile
destroyers (DDG)
175
Philippines 63, 91
physical cohesion 95
physical endurance 158
pilotage 2
piracy 53, 76, 116-7, 203
platforms 137-45, 177, 178
poise 75, 89, 90, 108, 110,
112, 203
political-military interface
61, 94, 155
pollution 29, 53
Pong Su, merchant ship
116
population 27
Port Melbourne 25
Port Moresby 73
power projection operations
(see also maritime
power projection) 75,
119, 166, 168
preparedness 174
presence 40, 43, 111, 112,
203
preventative diplomacy
112
preventive deployment 203
Principles of War 59, 62-7,
204
prisoners of war 34
private contractors 128
procedures 2, 3, 20, 161
professionalism 9, 10, 12,
13, 14, 60
professional mastery 175
Proliferation Security
Initiative (PSI) 120
proportionality 35
protection of merchant
shipping 104
Q
quarantine 204
quarantine enforcement
27, 116
Quiberon, HMAS 14
R
radio 134, 161
rapid environmental
assessment 163
reach 78, 87, 90, 93, 129-
30, 142, 204
readiness 87-8, 89, 107,
161, 166, 167, 169, 204
recognised picture 204
INDEX
231

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
232
reconnaissance 108, 139,
142, 158, 204
recruiting and retention 9
redundancy 91
reinforcement 102
replenishment at sea (RAS)
1, 130, 204
replenishment ships 90,
127, 129, 130, 131, 142,
158
resilience 91
resolve 75, 92, 119
resource protection 28, 47,
114
resources 61, 63, 65, 71,
79, 99, 137, 151, 156,
157, 162, 166, 173
resource zones 19
responsiveness 81
risk 52, 60, 71, 76, 77, 95,
140, 156, 178
Robertson, Commodore Alan
5
Roebuck, HMS 163
rotation/roulement 90,
166, 167, 168, 204
Royal Australian Air Force
(RAAF) 4, 35, 82,
105, 116, 120, 142
Royal Australian Naval College
(RANC) 12
Royal Australian Navy (RAN)
1, 2, 3, 35, 64, 67, 79,
81, 82, 101, 105, 112,
116, 117, 120, 128,
138-53, 178
Bridging Train 64
culture 175
deployments 90
Fleet Command 4
future 173-9
organisation 123-5
people 9-17, 175, 179
support 123-31
values 15-16
Royal Marines 107
Royal Navy (RN) 1, 2, 12,
14
rules of engagement (ROE)
37, 164, 168, 205
S
safe operations 14
safe passage 2
sailors 10, 11, 13
sanctions and embargoes
119, 120, 205
Sandison Line 23
San Remo Manual 36
Sarawak 96
satellites 85, 88, 159
scouting 108
screen 104, 105, 205
sea, the 10, 19-29, 72, 73,
77, 102, 156
sea basing 107, 128, 205
seabed 72, 150
sea communications 23,
42, 48, 72, 74, 76, 79,
81, 92
sea control 37, 72-3, 76-8,
79, 81, 82, 83, 95, 96,
97, 102, 108, 112, 116,
119, 120, 147, 168, 170,
179, 205
sea denial 73-4, 81, 102,
140, 168, 205
seakeeping 20, 205

sea lanes 47
sea lift 93, 106, 107, 131,
141, 166, 205
sea lines of communication
(SLOC) 77-8, 159,
205
seamanship 13, 21
sea power 19, 78, 79, 85,
90, 108, 176, 206
characteristics 86-91,
enablers 123-31
limitations 92-4
search and rescue 114,
115, 167
sea room 163, 206
sea state 10, 20, 143, 163
sea transport 24, 63, 67,
163, 179
security 64, 65, 135
selection of objectives 64
self-defence 34, 37, 53,
150
self-protection 119, 120
self-reliance 4, 43, 127
Sembawang 129
sensors 29, 33, 85, 91,
107, 133, 138, 143, 150,
159, 173, 174
dipping sonar 150
infra-red 150
magnetic 150
optical 150
radar 134, 146, 150
sonar 133, 140, 149, 150
sonobuoys 150
upgrades 175
Service Assisted Evacuation
(SAE) 111-2, 167
Service Protected Evacuation
(SPE) 111-2
shake down 13, 206
shallow water 2, 141, 161,
163
shaping 73, 109, 206
shipbuilding 125
shipping 24-6, 29, 41, 78,
103, 104, 105, 106, 117,
127, 150, 159
ship to objective manoeuvre
(STOM) 107, 206
shore support 128
Shropshire, HMAS 64
simulations 14
Singapore 3, 81, 129, 136,
170
Singapore Strait 136
situational awareness 104
smugglers 3
soft kill 147, 206
soldiers 11, 13, 127, 170
Solomon Islands 34, 111,
119
Some Principles of Maritime
Strategy 4, 72
Southeast Asia 20, 23, 27,
41, 47, 96
Southern Europe 77
Southern Ocean 20, 21,
113, 114
South Korea 26, 35
South Pacific 23, 47
South Pacific Nations 33,
41
South-West Pacific 42, 73,
159
South-West Pacific Area 63
INDEX
233

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
234
Soviet Union 35, 90
space 72, 100
span of maritime tasks 99
spare parts 130
special forces 75, 86, 107,
116, 139, 142, 145, 152,
155, 206
spectrum of operations 51-
7, 71, 76, 99, 138, 156,
206
speed 86, 93, 108
Stalwart (II), HMAS 90
stealth 55, 139
strategic
concepts 95, 167
context 173
decision 92
effects 73, 102, 176
ends 155
environment 40, 97, 173
geography 19-24
level of conflict 3, 61-2,
78, 95, 135, 166, 206
lift 81, 106, 138
mobility 166
objectives 155
requirements 123
situation 139
weakness 65
strike 94, 139, 142, 206
Stuart (I), HMAS 67
Stuart (III), HMAS 116
Submarine Force 123
submarines 9, 14, 19, 55,
71, 78, 82, 87, 88, 90,
100, 102, 103, 104,
106, 110, 112, 136,
139-40, 149-50, 159,
173, 177
controlling authority 140
conventional (dieselelectric)
86
U-boats 103, 159
Success (II), HMAS 76, 112
Sumatra 110
Supply, HMAS 90
supply depots 128
support 166, 168, 176
support vessels 129-30,
142
surface combatants 100,
102, 107, 133, 138-9,
142, 143, 146, 147, 149,
150, 162, 177
Surface Force 123
surface ships 9, 82, 86,
107, 149
surface warfare 82, 138,
139, 149
Surigao Strait 64
surprise 65, 94, 101, 134
surveillance 10, 19, 20, 29,
48, 66, 88, 94, 95, 99-
101, 110, 114, 116, 134,
139, 143, 158, 166, 167,
174, 207
survey motor launches 143
survivability 135
sustainment/sustainability
9, 66, 81, 92, 102, 106,
127, 129-30, 157, 158,
166, 169
Suva 89
swell 20, 21
Sydney 87, 116
Sydney (I), HMAS 62
Sydney (II), HMAS 65, 157
Sydney (III), HMAS 35

Sydney (IV), HMAS 91
Syria 67
systems 19, 137-45
T
tactical
advantage 101
aim 102
command 62, 163, 207
control 152, 207
level of conflict 3, 61-2,
76, 94, 95, 133, 134,
164, 207
loading 106, 162
means 155
readiness 107
tactics 3, 179
Tarakan 96
targeting 134, 149
task element (TE) 136, 207
task force (TF) 86, 110,
136, 147, 161, 207
task formations 90
task group (TG) 12, 87, 90,
94, 112, 128, 130, 136,
139, 140, 144, 159,
176, 207
task organisation 136, 207
task units (TU) 136, 207
Tasman Sea 159
Teal, HMAS 136
teamwork 10, 12
technical risk 125
technological
capabilities 178
change 68, 173
development 85, 173,
178
innovations 71, 94, 176
technology 9, 28, 43, 62,
64, 68, 69, 73, 78, 82,
116, 125, 165, 173,
175, 178
territorial waters/sea (TS)
33, 88, 116, 163, 167,
208
terrorism/terrorists 53, 76,
116, 120, 150, 151
The Air Power Manual 6,
144
theatre (of operations) 62,
88, 90, 95, 103, 146,
155, 166, 167, 208
The Fundamentals of Land
Warfare 6
The Future of Sea Power
99
The Influence of Sea Power
Upon History 4, 71
The Navy Contribution to
Australian Maritime
Operations: RAN
Doctrine 2 137
threats 40, 41, 51, 53, 66,
67, 80, 81, 90, 100,
104, 106, 107, 110, 135,
140, 141, 147, 149, 150,
163, 167, 173
Till, Geoffrey 5
timing 64
Timor 96
Tobruk (II), HMAS 76, 91,
138
Toowoomba (II), HMAS 117
torpedo 71
tourism 26
trade 23, 31, 75
INDEX
235

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
236
training 9, 10, 12-3, 14, 20,
59, 87, 123, 169, 175
transience 92
transit passage 33, 208
troops 44, 88, 89
tugs 140
Turkey 64, 102
U
U862 103
Umm Qasr 107
undersea warfare 82, 110,
138, 139, 149-50
underwater vehicles 140
underway replenishment 2,
142, 166
uncertainty 60
United Kingdom 3, 14
United Nations (UN) 3, 21,
27, 41, 51, 54
United Nations Charter 34,
41, 53, 103, 117
United Nations Law of the
Sea Convention 1982
(LOSC) 31, 33, 116
United Nations Security
Council 34, 35, 36,
37, 92, 103
United States (US) 3, 35,
43, 47, 82, 120, 159
United States Coast Guard
79
United States Marine Corps
79
United States Navy 3, 63,
64, 67, 73, 78, 79, 81,
101, 129, 175
unity of command 157
unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAV) 82, 100, 176,
208
unmanned underwater
vehicles 176
V
values 15-6
Vanuatu 34
versatility 109, 139, 208
Vichy French 65
Victoria 116
Vietnam War 46, 66, 175
vulnerabilities 74, 90, 101,
102, 104, 107, 135, 140,
156, 158, 162
W
Waller, Captain HML (Hec)
67
war at sea 10
warfare areas 13, 137,
146-50
warfighting 10, 99, 160
warning time 93, 104, 110,
166
warships 1, 10, 12, 19, 75,
76, 78, 86, 88, 89, 90,
93, 99, 101, 109, 110,
111, 112, 118, 119, 127,
138-43, 156, 158, 165,
173, 175, 176, 208
waterspace management
140
weapons 29, 33, 75, 86,
91, 94, 103, 104, 138,
143, 173, 174, 175
air warfare 107

air-to-surface missiles
149
anti-ship missiles 102,
139, 149, 163
anti-submarine 102
Evolved Sea Sparrow
Missile 147
extended-range guided
munitions 78
guided missile 71, 133,
146
guns 106, 107, 146
land-attack missiles 82,
102, 106
land-based 107
laser-guided 149
long-range precision
munitions 177
mines/minefields 71, 95,
102, 103, 140-1, 150-1
point defence 147
RBS-70 145
SM-6 146, 147
standoff 176
torpedoes 71, 139, 149,
150, 173
weapons of mass destruction
(WMD) 41, 120
weather 10, 19, 159, 162
Wedgetail, AEW&C aircraft
177
Western Europe 79
Wetar Strait 167
wide area surveillance picture
(WASP) 134-5
withdrawal 166, 170
work up 13, 208
World War I 44, 45, 74,
105
World War II 2, 4, 12, 44,
51, 55, 63, 90, 103,
104, 105, 108, 109
INDEX
237

AUSTRAlIAN MARITIME DOCTRINE
238

AMEN
Readers are encouraged to submit proposed amendments to Australian
Maritime Doctrine: RAN Doctrine 1. Contributions should be forwarded to:
Amendments
seapower.centre@defence.gov.au
or
Director
Sea Power Centre - Australia
Department of Defence
PO Box 7942
Canberra BC ACT 2610
This publication is current as at 1 March 2010. It will be periodically
reviewed and amended. The latest version of this publication is available
on the Navy/SPC-A website:
www.navy.gov.au/spc
239