Experiments with Supersonic Beams as a Source of Cold Atoms

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[133] A. Ruschhaupt, J. G. Muga, and M. G. Raizen. One-photon atomic cooling with an optical maxwell’s demon valve. J. Phys. B, 39:3833, 2006. [134] G. Price, S. Bannerman, E. Narevicius, and M. Raizen. Single-photon atomic cooling. Laser Physics, 17:965–968, 2007. 10.1134/S1054660X07070109. [135] Mark G. Raizen. Comprehensive control of atomic motion. Science, 324(5933):1403– 1406, 2009. [136] R. Landauer. Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 5:183, 1961. [137] Jeremy J. Thorn, Elizabeth A. Schoene, Tao Li, and Daniel A. Steck. Experi- mental realization of an optical one-way barrier for neutral atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100(24):240407, Jun 2008. [138] Gabriel N. Price, S. Travis Bannerman, Kirsten Viering, Edvardas Narevicius, and Mark G. Raizen. Single-photon atomic cooling. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100(9):093004, Mar 2008. [139] S Travis Bannerman, Gabriel N Price, Kirsten Viering, and Mark G Raizen. Single-photon cooling at the limit of trap dynamics: Maxwell’s demon near maximum efficiency. New Journal of Physics, 11(6):063044, 2009. [140] Gabriel Noam Price. Single-Photon Atomic Cooling. PhD thesis, The Univer- sity of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2009. [141] Kirsten Viering. Experiments to Control Atom Number and Phase-Space Den- sity in Cold Gases. PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2012. 185
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Copyright by Adam Alexander Libson
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General Methods of Controlling Atom
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Acknowledgments First and foremost,
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to problems, and I frequently went
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General Methods of Controlling Atom
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments v
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Chapter 5. Towards Trapping and Coo
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List of Figures 2.1 Comparison of e
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5.12 Faraday Rotation Signal During
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producing a cold sample. Alternativ
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place inside a dilution refrigerato
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atoms or molecules are slowed using
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2.1 Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases F
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Since there will be no heat exchang
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Using equation 2.17 to modify equat
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Normalized Effusive Beam Flux Norma
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general method for producing cold a
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The gas throughput of the nozzle ca
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Chapter 3 Slowing Supersonic Beams
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3.1 Using Helium for Atom Optics Ex
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Figure 3.1: Calculated elastic scat
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that they can be prepared ex-situ a
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successful. Any water that remains
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Skimmer 300 l/s Turbo Pump Even-Lav
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Figure 3.5: A CAD image of the dete
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from tubular aluminum welded togeth
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Figure 3.7: A CAD image of the roto
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Figure 3.10: A CAD image of large c
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Figure 3.11: This plot shows the am
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approximations are made in this cal
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3.3.3 Detection An SRS [61] residua
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TTL pulse to the data acquisition c
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A comparison of the time-of-flight
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eceding crystal. Each curve is the
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calculated slow beam velocity is qu
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the RGA does have an effect on the
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Chapter 4 The Atomic and Molecular
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field. In the L − S coupling regi
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3 P2 E Figure 4.2: This graph gives
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For intermediate fields, the full p
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Figure 4.4: This figure illustrates
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The same effect is also responsible
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(a) (b) (c) Time Figure 4.5: A pict
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which the particles enter). The oth
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the coil can instead be switched be
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the magnitude of the field some dis
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nozzle front surface aluminum catho
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Figure 4.9: A CAD overview of the s
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258V 1MΩ 5V 1mF DC/DC Converter TT
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Figure 4.12: An oscilloscope trace
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(a) (b) Figure 4.14: A CAD image of
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-HV PS 4 M MCP Anode 10 M 1 M Trans
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Signal [V] 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 refe
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Figure 4.20: An exploded view of th
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(a) (b) (c) (e) Figure 4.21: A pict
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258V 1MΩ TTL 2.2mF 50Ω TTL 5V 5V
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closed. With the new thyristor gate
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HeNe M2 M1 BB /2 L BB PC coil PC PD
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Table 4.1: Peak magnetic fields mea
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Figure 4.28: A cut-away CAD image o
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ameters. The coilgun chamber consis
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Table 4.2: Final velocities (vf), s
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MCP Signal [arb. units] 2.0 1.5 (1)
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viability for molecules essential.
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8 Ω LN2 Liquid Nitrogen Dewar Nozz
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Figure 4.33: Molecular oxygen slowi
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Chapter 5 Towards Trapping and Cool
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Energy meV 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.0 0.2 0
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10 mm 2.0 T 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8
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250V 1MΩ 3x 2.2mF TTL 5V feedback
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Magnetic Field (T) 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3
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5.2.2.1 Principle of Operation of t
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Figure 5.8: Photograph of the trapp
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4.1.3. In an anti-Helmholtz trap, t
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Figure 5.11: Photograph of the hydr
Page 151 and 152: Photodiode Signal (V) Time (s) Figu
Page 153 and 154: Figure 5.13: Time of flight plot of
Page 155 and 156: 500 l/s Turbo Pump Supersonic Nozzl
Page 157 and 158: Ionizer 500 l/s Turbo Pump Ion Opti
Page 159 and 160: guided the design of the apparatus.
Page 161 and 162: Z − Velocity (m/s) 100 60 30 0
Page 163 and 164: Atom Number 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.6 0
Page 165 and 166: scattered photon to extract informa
Page 167 and 168: where k1 · pi = − k2 · pi, wh
Page 169 and 170: the electron g-factor which causes
Page 171 and 172: Figure 5.24: A schematic of the tel
Page 173 and 174: prevent the determination of the is
Page 175 and 176: (a) (b) time Figure 5.25: A 1D illu
Page 177 and 178: experiment, where a being is capabl
Page 179 and 180: potential position 2 x 243 nm Lα |
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 164
Page 183 and 184: y x V i Figure A.1: The geometry us
Page 185 and 186: Bibliography [1] H.J.MetcalfandP.va
Page 187 and 188: [17] Brian C. Sawyer, Benjamin L. L
Page 189 and 190: [34] R. Campargue. Progress in over
Page 191 and 192: [51] O. Carnal, M. Sigel, T. Sleato
Page 193 and 194: [70] Edvardas Narevicius, Adam Libs
Page 195 and 196: [87] Willis E. Lamb and Robert C. R
Page 197 and 198: [96] G.Gabrielse,N.S.Bowden,P.Oxley
Page 199 and 200: [110] N. Kolachevsky, J. Alnis, S.
Page 201: [125] Andreas Osterwalder, Samuel A
Page 205 and 206: [161] Paulo F. Bedaque, Aurel Bulga
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