[92] Randolf Pohl, Aldo Antognini, Franois Nez, Fernando D. Amaro, Franois Biraben, Joo M. R. Cardoso, Daniel S. Covita, Andre<strong>as</strong> Dax, Satish Dhawan, Luis M. P. Fernandes, Adolf Giesen, Thom<strong>as</strong> Graf, Theodor W. Hnsch, Paul Indelicato, Lucile Julien, Cheng-Yang Kao, Paul Knowles, Eric-Olivier Le Bigot, Yi-Wei Liu, Jos A. M. Lopes, Livia Ludhova, Cristina M. B. Monteiro, Franoise Mul- hauser, Tobi<strong>as</strong> Nebel, Paul Rabinowitz, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, Luk<strong>as</strong> A. Schaller, Karsten Schuhmann, Catherine Schwob, David Taqqu, Joo F. C. A. Veloso, and Franz Kottmann. The size <strong>of</strong> the proton. Nature, 466(4703):213– 216, July 2010. [93] Christian G. Parthey, Arthur Matveev, Janis Alnis, Randolf Pohl, Thom<strong>as</strong> Udem, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Nikolai Kolachevsky, and Theodor W. Hänsch. Precision me<strong>as</strong>urement <strong>of</strong> the hydrogen-deuterium 1s − 2s isotope shift. Phys. Rev. Lett., 104(23):233001, Jun 2010. [94] U.D. Jentschura, A. Matveev, C.G. Parthey, J. Alnis, R. Pohl, Th. Udem, N. Kolachevsky, and T.W. Hänsch. Hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift: From the 1s−2s-transition frequency to the proton-deuteron charge-radius difference. Phys. Rev. A, 83:042505, Apr 2011. [95] M. Amoretti, C. Amsler, G. Bonomi, A. Bouchta, P. Bowe, C. Carraro, C. L. Ce- sar, M. Charlton, M. J. Collier, M. Doser, V. Filippini, K. S. Fine, A. Fontana, M. C. Fujiwara, R. Funakoshi, P. Genova, J. S. Hangst, R. S. Hayano, M. H. Holzscheiter, L. V. Jorgensen, V. Lagomarsino, R. Landua, D. Lindel<strong>of</strong>, E. Lodi Rizzini, M. Macri, N. Madsen, G. Manuzio, M. Marchesotti, P. Montagna, H. Pruys, C. Regenfus, P. Riedler, J. Rochet, A. Rotondi, G. Rouleau, G. Testera, A. Var- iola, T. L. Watson, and D. P. van der Werf. Production and detection <strong>of</strong> cold antihydrogen atoms. Nature, 419(6906):456–459, 2002. 179
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Copyright by Adam Alexander Libson
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General Methods of Controlling Atom
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Acknowledgments First and foremost,
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to problems, and I frequently went
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General Methods of Controlling Atom
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments v
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Chapter 5. Towards Trapping and Coo
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List of Figures 2.1 Comparison of e
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5.12 Faraday Rotation Signal During
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producing a cold sample. Alternativ
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place inside a dilution refrigerato
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atoms or molecules are slowed using
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2.1 Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases F
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Since there will be no heat exchang
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Using equation 2.17 to modify equat
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Normalized Effusive Beam Flux Norma
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general method for producing cold a
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The gas throughput of the nozzle ca
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Chapter 3 Slowing Supersonic Beams
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3.1 Using Helium for Atom Optics Ex
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Figure 3.1: Calculated elastic scat
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that they can be prepared ex-situ a
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successful. Any water that remains
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Skimmer 300 l/s Turbo Pump Even-Lav
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Figure 3.5: A CAD image of the dete
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from tubular aluminum welded togeth
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Figure 3.7: A CAD image of the roto
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Figure 3.10: A CAD image of large c
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Figure 3.11: This plot shows the am
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approximations are made in this cal
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3.3.3 Detection An SRS [61] residua
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TTL pulse to the data acquisition c
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A comparison of the time-of-flight
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eceding crystal. Each curve is the
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calculated slow beam velocity is qu
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the RGA does have an effect on the
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Chapter 4 The Atomic and Molecular
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field. In the L − S coupling regi
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3 P2 E Figure 4.2: This graph gives
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For intermediate fields, the full p
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Figure 4.4: This figure illustrates
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The same effect is also responsible
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(a) (b) (c) Time Figure 4.5: A pict
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which the particles enter). The oth
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the coil can instead be switched be
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the magnitude of the field some dis
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nozzle front surface aluminum catho
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Figure 4.9: A CAD overview of the s
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258V 1MΩ 5V 1mF DC/DC Converter TT
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Figure 4.12: An oscilloscope trace
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(a) (b) Figure 4.14: A CAD image of
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-HV PS 4 M MCP Anode 10 M 1 M Trans
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Signal [V] 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 refe
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Figure 4.20: An exploded view of th
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(a) (b) (c) (e) Figure 4.21: A pict
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258V 1MΩ TTL 2.2mF 50Ω TTL 5V 5V
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closed. With the new thyristor gate
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HeNe M2 M1 BB /2 L BB PC coil PC PD
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Table 4.1: Peak magnetic fields mea
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Figure 4.28: A cut-away CAD image o
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ameters. The coilgun chamber consis
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Table 4.2: Final velocities (vf), s
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MCP Signal [arb. units] 2.0 1.5 (1)
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viability for molecules essential.
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8 Ω LN2 Liquid Nitrogen Dewar Nozz
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Figure 4.33: Molecular oxygen slowi
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Chapter 5 Towards Trapping and Cool
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Energy meV 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.0 0.2 0
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10 mm 2.0 T 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8
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250V 1MΩ 3x 2.2mF TTL 5V feedback
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Magnetic Field (T) 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3
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5.2.2.1 Principle of Operation of t
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- Page 153 and 154: Figure 5.13: Time of flight plot of
- Page 155 and 156: 500 l/s Turbo Pump Supersonic Nozzl
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- Page 163 and 164: Atom Number 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.6 0
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- Page 181 and 182: Appendix 164
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- Page 185 and 186: Bibliography [1] H.J.MetcalfandP.va
- Page 187 and 188: [17] Brian C. Sawyer, Benjamin L. L
- Page 189 and 190: [34] R. Campargue. Progress in over
- Page 191 and 192: [51] O. Carnal, M. Sigel, T. Sleato
- Page 193 and 194: [70] Edvardas Narevicius, Adam Libs
- Page 195: [87] Willis E. Lamb and Robert C. R
- Page 199 and 200: [110] N. Kolachevsky, J. Alnis, S.
- Page 201 and 202: [125] Andreas Osterwalder, Samuel A
- Page 203 and 204: [142] C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, a
- Page 205 and 206: [161] Paulo F. Bedaque, Aurel Bulga