Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

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[95] G. N. Price, S. T. Bannerman, K. Viering, E. Narevicius, and M. G. Raizen, “Single-photon atomic cooling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 093004 (2008). [96] S. T. Bannerman, G. N. Price, K. Viering, and M. G. Raizen, “Single- photon cooling at the limit of trap dynamics: Maxwell’s demon near maximum efficiency,” New J. Phys. 11, 063044 (2009). [97] E. Narevicius, A. Libson, C. G. Parthey, I. Chavez, J. Narevicius, U. Even, and M.G. Raizen, “Stopping supersonic beams with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: An atomic coilgun,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 093003 (2008). [98] S. D. Hogan, A. W. Wiederkehr, H. Schmutz, and F. Merkt, “Magnetic trapping of hydrogen after multistage zeeman deceleration,” Phys. Rev. A 101, 143001 (2008). [99] E. Narevicius, A. Libson, C. G. Parthey, I. Chavez, J. Narevicius, U. Even, and M.G. Raizen, “Stopping supersonic oxygen with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: A molecular coilgun,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 051401(R) (2008). [100] H. L. Bethlem, G. Berden, and G. Meijer, “Decelerating neutral dipolar molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1558 (1999). [101] S. Y. T. van de Meerakker, P. H. M. Smeets, N. Vanhaecke, R. T. Jongma, and G. Meijer, “Deceleration and electrostatic trapping of OH 194
adicals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 023004 (2005). [102] B. C. Sawyer, B. L. Lev, E. R. Hudson, B. K. Stuhl, M. Lara, J. L. Bohn, and J. Ye, “Magnetoelectrostatic trapping of ground state OH molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 253002 (2007). [103] E. Narevicius, S. T. Bannerman, and M. G. Raizen, “Single-photon molecular cooling,” New J. Phys. 11, 055046 (2009). [104] M. Jerkins, J. Majors, J. R. Klein, and M. G. Raizen, “Using cold atoms to measure neutrino mass,” arXiv:0901.3111v3 [nucl-ex] (2009). [105] M. Amoretii et al., “Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms,” Nature 419, 456 (2002). [106] G. Gabrielse et al., “Background-free observation of cold antihydrogen with field-ionization analysis of its states,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 213401 (2002). [107] M. G. Raizen, “Comprehensive control of atomic motion,” Science 324, 1403 (2009). 195
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Copyright by Gabriel Noam Price 200
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Single-Photon Atomic Cooling by Gab
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Acknowledgments First, I would like
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Rubidium group when I first joined.
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Single-Photon Atomic Cooling Public
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2.5.2.4 Magneto-Optical Trap . . .
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List of Tables 2.1 87 Rb Physical P
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3.1 Vacuum Chamber . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter
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the momentum kicks due to absorptio
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samples by allowing for very long i
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Figure 1.2: The energy level struct
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quency regime [19]. This then led t
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Figure 1.4: Depiction of a simple,
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demonstrates the cooling power of a
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a) b) c) external potential one-way
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worked on by Brillouin [27-29], ide
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the atomic ensemble. Not surprising
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are untrappable. The SI unit for en
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the atomic transition and is called
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2.1 Rubidium Rubidium (Rb) is an al
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constant which is given by α = e2
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only one value of J is possible fro
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the latter of which only applies to
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Figure 2.1: 87 Rb D2 Transition Hyp
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Pluging Eq. 2.18 into this Hamilton
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Following the same logic leads to a
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gF = −1/2 using the approximate e
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mize their energy in high magnetic
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If we now consider the field from t
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where P is in torr. The lifetime of
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component of the dipole oscillation
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maxima. Our experiment makes extens
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atoms its wavefunction Ψ(t) is typ
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In this equation we let H = H0 + Hc
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The significance of Isat is that at
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Δ ω =ω−Δ ω =ω−Δ Δ
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where I/Isat ≪ 1 has been assumed
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λ λ Figure 2.9: The Sisyphus cool
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process repeats. If however, it dec
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σ σ σ Figure 2.10: Geomet
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to vary linearly with position alon
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0, ±1 and ∆mF = 0, ±1, allow ex
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this figure only the relevant hyper
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D2 transition in 87 Rb has a natura
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2.7.2 Saturation Absorption Spectro
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ground state depletion due to the p
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oadened background can be removed f
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where n is the number density of at
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where σ 2 c = σ 2 2 kBTt n + m .
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Chapter 3 Experimental Apparatus Th
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Figure 3.1: The vacuum chamber duri
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Nor-Cal Products Inc. (AMV-1502-CF)
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and monitor the necessary vacuum le
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3.1.3 Lower Chamber The lower chamb
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a) top ridge 1 cm b) metal jacket h
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to the appropriate frequency throug
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plexiglass cover piezo U stack grat
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λ Figure 3
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Voltage a b c d e f Frequency Figur
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eams. For example the MOT and optic
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λ Figure 3.12: The slave lasers
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λ λ λ
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λ λ λ λ
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needed when forming a MOT or optica
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master laser is dithered at 20 kHz.
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λ λ
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Output Power > 10 W Wavelength 532
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labeled 1, 2 and 3 in the Fig. 3.21
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λ λ λ λ
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process. The two coils are arranged
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19) connected in parallel. This arr
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3.4.2 Horizontal Imaging The horizo
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Chapter 4 Single-Photon Atomic Cool
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1 s, after which time ∼ 10 8 87 R
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(a) x z magnetically trapped atoms
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h x z magnetically trapped atoms y
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z y x magnetically trapped atoms cr
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Figure 4.5: The effective potential
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Page 167 and 168: Figure 4.12: The number of atoms lo
Page 169 and 170: Figure 4.13: Incremental atom captu
Page 171 and 172: netic trap and transfer into the op
Page 173 and 174: temperature TB of atoms loaded into
Page 175 and 176: used to construct it into the remai
Page 177 and 178: μ μ μ Figure 4.18: Side view of
Page 179 and 180: Figure 4.20: Geometry of the optica
Page 181 and 182: could potentially have undergone th
Page 183 and 184: detunings. The result of scattering
Page 185 and 186: are switched off causing non-optica
Page 187 and 188: Figure 4.25: Number (■) and tempe
Page 189 and 190: traps. If we model the ensembles in
Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.26: Radius of the atomic c
Page 193 and 194: atoms were removed from the magneti
Page 195 and 196: trappable |F = 1,mF = −1〉 state
Page 197 and 198: the short lived 2p state. Atoms whi
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography [1] R. Frisch, “Expe
Page 201 and 202: [15] C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett,
Page 203 and 204: [31] E.T. Jaynes, “Information th
Page 205 and 206: [49] J. Ye, S. Swartz, P. Jungner,
Page 207 and 208: [66] J.P. Gordon and A. Ashkin, “
Page 209: [85] C.-S. Chuu, Direct Study of Qu
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