Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

[41] M.P. Bradley, J.V. Porto, S. Rainville, J.K. Thompson, and D.E. Pritchard, “Penning trap measurements of the masses of 133 Cs, 87,85 Rb, and 23 Na with uncertainties ≤ 0.2 ppb,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4510 (1999). [42] C.B. Alcock, V.P. Itkin, and M.K. Horrigan, “Vapor pressure equations of the metallic elements: 298-2500K,” Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 23, 309 (1984). [43] Daniel A. Steck, “Rubidium 87 D Line Data,” http://steck.us/alkalidata (revision 2.1, 1 September 2008). [44] A. Corney, Atomic and Laser Spectroscopy (Oxford University Press, USA, 2006). [45] E. Arimondo, M. Inguscio, and P. Violino, “Experimental determina- tions of the hyperfine structure in the alkali atoms,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 31 (1977). [46] V. Gerginov, A. Derevianko, and C.E. Tanner, “Observation of the nu- clear magnetic octupole moment of 133 Cs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 072501 (2003). [47] L. Armstrong Jr., Theory of the Hyperfine Structure of Free Atoms (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971). [48] S. Bize, Y. Sortais, M.S. Santos, C. Mandache, A. Cleiron, and C. Sa- lomon, “High-accuracy measurement of the 87 Rb ground-state hyperfine splitting in an atomic fountain,” Europhys. Lett. 45, 558 (1999). 188
[49] J. Ye, S. Swartz, P. Jungner, and J.L. Hall, “Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency of the 87 Rb 5P3/2 state,” Optics Letters 21, 1280 (1996). [50] D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1995). [51] J.J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley, New York, 1994), revised ed. [52] B. Odom, D. Hanneke, B. D’Urso, and G. Gabrielse, “New measurement of the electron magnetic moment using a one-electron quantum cyclotron,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 030801 (2006). [53] L. Labzowsky, I. Goidenko, and P. Pyykko, “Estimates of the bound- state QED contributions to the g-factor of valence ns electrons in alkali metal atoms,” Phys. Lett. A 258, 31 (1999). [54] H.A Bethe and E.E. Salpeter, Quantum Mechanics of One- and Two- electron Atoms (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1957). [55] W. Wing, “On neutral particle trapping in quasistatic electromagnetic fields,” Prog. Quant. Elect. 8, 181 (1984). [56] T. Bergeman, G. Erez, and H. Metcalf, “Magnetostatic trapping fields for neutral atoms,” Phys. Rev. A 35, 1535 (1987). 189
Page 1 and 2:
Copyright by Gabriel Noam Price 200
Page 3 and 4:
Single-Photon Atomic Cooling by Gab
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgments First, I would like
Page 7 and 8:
Rubidium group when I first joined.
Page 9 and 10:
Single-Photon Atomic Cooling Public
Page 11 and 12:
2.5.2.4 Magneto-Optical Trap . . .
Page 13 and 14:
List of Tables 2.1 87 Rb Physical P
Page 15 and 16:
3.1 Vacuum Chamber . . . . . . . .
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter
Page 19 and 20:
the momentum kicks due to absorptio
Page 21 and 22:
samples by allowing for very long i
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 1.2: The energy level struct
Page 25 and 26:
quency regime [19]. This then led t
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1.4: Depiction of a simple,
Page 29 and 30:
demonstrates the cooling power of a
Page 31 and 32:
a) b) c) external potential one-way
Page 33 and 34:
worked on by Brillouin [27-29], ide
Page 35 and 36:
the atomic ensemble. Not surprising
Page 37 and 38:
are untrappable. The SI unit for en
Page 39 and 40:
the atomic transition and is called
Page 41 and 42:
2.1 Rubidium Rubidium (Rb) is an al
Page 43 and 44:
constant which is given by α = e2
Page 45 and 46:
only one value of J is possible fro
Page 47 and 48:
the latter of which only applies to
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 2.1: 87 Rb D2 Transition Hyp
Page 51 and 52:
Pluging Eq. 2.18 into this Hamilton
Page 53 and 54:
Following the same logic leads to a
Page 55 and 56:
gF = −1/2 using the approximate e
Page 57 and 58:
mize their energy in high magnetic
Page 59 and 60:
If we now consider the field from t
Page 61 and 62:
where P is in torr. The lifetime of
Page 63 and 64:
component of the dipole oscillation
Page 65 and 66:
maxima. Our experiment makes extens
Page 67 and 68:
atoms its wavefunction Ψ(t) is typ
Page 69 and 70:
In this equation we let H = H0 + Hc
Page 71 and 72:
The significance of Isat is that at
Page 73 and 74:
Δ ω =ω−Δ ω =ω−Δ Δ
Page 75 and 76:
where I/Isat ≪ 1 has been assumed
Page 77 and 78:
λ λ Figure 2.9: The Sisyphus cool
Page 79 and 80:
process repeats. If however, it dec
Page 81 and 82:
σ σ σ Figure 2.10: Geomet
Page 83 and 84:
to vary linearly with position alon
Page 85 and 86:
0, ±1 and ∆mF = 0, ±1, allow ex
Page 87 and 88:
this figure only the relevant hyper
Page 89 and 90:
D2 transition in 87 Rb has a natura
Page 91 and 92:
2.7.2 Saturation Absorption Spectro
Page 93 and 94:
ground state depletion due to the p
Page 95 and 96:
oadened background can be removed f
Page 97 and 98:
where n is the number density of at
Page 99 and 100:
where σ 2 c = σ 2 2 kBTt n + m .
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 3 Experimental Apparatus Th
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 3.1: The vacuum chamber duri
Page 105 and 106:
Nor-Cal Products Inc. (AMV-1502-CF)
Page 107 and 108:
and monitor the necessary vacuum le
Page 109 and 110:
3.1.3 Lower Chamber The lower chamb
Page 111 and 112:
a) top ridge 1 cm b) metal jacket h
Page 113 and 114:
to the appropriate frequency throug
Page 115 and 116:
plexiglass cover piezo U stack grat
Page 117 and 118:
λ Figure 3
Page 119 and 120:
Voltage a b c d e f Frequency Figur
Page 121 and 122:
eams. For example the MOT and optic
Page 123 and 124:
λ Figure 3.12: The slave lasers
Page 125 and 126:
λ λ λ
Page 127 and 128:
λ λ λ λ
Page 129 and 130:
needed when forming a MOT or optica
Page 131 and 132:
master laser is dithered at 20 kHz.
Page 133 and 134:
λ λ
Page 135 and 136:
Output Power > 10 W Wavelength 532
Page 137 and 138:
labeled 1, 2 and 3 in the Fig. 3.21
Page 139 and 140:
λ λ λ λ
Page 141 and 142:
process. The two coils are arranged
Page 143 and 144:
19) connected in parallel. This arr
Page 145 and 146:
3.4.2 Horizontal Imaging The horizo
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 4 Single-Photon Atomic Cool
Page 149 and 150:
1 s, after which time ∼ 10 8 87 R
Page 151 and 152:
(a) x z magnetically trapped atoms
Page 153 and 154: h x z magnetically trapped atoms y
Page 155 and 156: z y x magnetically trapped atoms cr
Page 157 and 158: Figure 4.5: The effective potential
Page 159 and 160: depopulation present and it indicat
Page 161 and 162: numbers sufficiently large to quant
Page 163 and 164: μ μ μ
Page 165 and 166: the potential landscape due to the
Page 167 and 168: Figure 4.12: The number of atoms lo
Page 169 and 170: Figure 4.13: Incremental atom captu
Page 171 and 172: netic trap and transfer into the op
Page 173 and 174: temperature TB of atoms loaded into
Page 175 and 176: used to construct it into the remai
Page 177 and 178: μ μ μ Figure 4.18: Side view of
Page 179 and 180: Figure 4.20: Geometry of the optica
Page 181 and 182: could potentially have undergone th
Page 183 and 184: detunings. The result of scattering
Page 185 and 186: are switched off causing non-optica
Page 187 and 188: Figure 4.25: Number (■) and tempe
Page 189 and 190: traps. If we model the ensembles in
Page 191 and 192: Figure 4.26: Radius of the atomic c
Page 193 and 194: atoms were removed from the magneti
Page 195 and 196: trappable |F = 1,mF = −1〉 state
Page 197 and 198: the short lived 2p state. Atoms whi
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography [1] R. Frisch, “Expe
Page 201 and 202: [15] C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett,
Page 203: [31] E.T. Jaynes, “Information th
Page 207 and 208: [66] J.P. Gordon and A. Ashkin, “
Page 209 and 210: [85] C.-S. Chuu, Direct Study of Qu
Page 211 and 212: adicals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 02
show all

Single-Photon Atomic Cooling - Raizen Lab - The University of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?